| Citation: |
SHE Linlin, ZHU Kongyang, LI Mingyue, ZHANG Jianchao, DONG Chuanwan, SHEN Zhongyue, WANG Qiang. 2025. Applications of X-ray computed tomography in geology. East China Geology, 46(2): 149-170. doi: 10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.05.009
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Applications of X-ray computed tomography in geology
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Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) technology stands out for its non-destructive, rapid, high-resolution, and multi-scale three-dimensional imaging capabilities, playing an important role in geological research. Presently, there is a scarcity of comprehensive review literature on the application of X-CT technology in geology, and existing review articles often lack adequate consideration for content relevance and systematic arrangement, failing to fully reflect the growing development of X-CT technology and its expanding scope of application in geological studies. To address this gap, this article provides an overview of the current status of X-CT technology utilization in geological research both domestically and internationally. To better ensure coherence and systematics of the content, the article begins by revisiting the historical development, fundamental principles, advantages, and disadvantages of X-CT technology. Subsequently, starting from various levels of evolution of the Earth, including the formation of the Earth, the structure and changes of deep-seated materials (such as melts and magma), and the structure and alterations of shallow Earth materials (involving to processes like weathering, sedimentation, metamorphism and deformation), the paper discusses the status of X-CT technology applications in geology. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary and an outlook on the future development of X-CT technology. Overall, as X-CT technology becomes increasingly involved, geologists will have multi-level understanding on the origin, composition, and evolutionary processes of the Earth, which contributing to the advancement of the entire field of Earth sciences.
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References
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SHE Linlin, ZHU Kongyang, LI Mingyue, ZHANG Jianchao, DONG Chuanwan, SHEN Zhongyue, WANG Qiang. 2025. Applications of X-ray computed tomography in geology. East China Geology, 46(2): 149-170. doi: 10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.05.009
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Figure 1.
The advanced Phoenix V|tome|x s CT scanner used in the field of geological research （a） and its schematic diagram illustrating scanning principle （b） （Liu et al., 2024）
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Figure 2.
Volume rendering view （a） and two-dimensional CT slice view （b） of the Allende meteorite obtained through synchrotron X-ray phase contrast micro-computed tomography （SRX-PC-μCT） （Takeuchi et al., 2013）
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Figure 3.
Results of the X-CT fabric （a, c, d） and magnetic fabric （b） analyses of a Late Permian monzonitic granite sample collected from the Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia （unpublished data）
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Figure 4.
Volume rendering images of a pumice from Ambryn volcano （Republic of Vanuatu）(a) （Baker et al., 2012） and a basaltic lava flow rock from Heikongshan, Tengchong, Yunnan （b）（Guo et al., 2011）
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Figure 5.
The surface structure （a） and pore distribution （b） of the sandstone core in the freeze-thaw cycle （FT） experiments reconstructed from X-ray CT imaging （Fan et al., 2022）
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Figure 6.
Volume rendering image （a） and three-dimensional distribution of pore-throat networks （b） in a tight-gas sandstone reservoir constructed based on X-CT scanning （Zhang et al., 2019）
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Figure 7.
An inclusion of a moss （Eurhynchium laxirete） preserved in a transparent amber （a） and its three-dimensional X-CT reconstruction （b） （based on unpublished data）
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Figure 8.
Monitoring the process of simulation experiments about lithospheric extension-rifting by using X-CT imaging technology （Zwaan and Schreurs, 2023）
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Figure 9.
2D X-ray CT image of a ore core （a） and its sulfur-bearing mineral distribution extracted from the CT scan （b）( The two red circles indicate the same ore grain, cited from Lois-Morales et al., 2022)