Silurian-Devonian critical metal mineralization boom of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt

ZHONG Shihua; HUANG Yu; LIU Yongle; ZHANG Yong; BAI Guolong; LIU Zhigang; MA Qiang; WANG Lijun; ZHAO Furong; HE Shuyue

doi:10.12097/gbc.2024.06.020

2025 Vol. 44, No. 4

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Article navigation > Geological Bulletin of China > 2025 > 44(4): 574-586

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ZHONG Shihua, HUANG Yu, LIU Yongle, ZHANG Yong, BAI Guolong, LIU Zhigang, MA Qiang, WANG Lijun, ZHAO Furong, HE Shuyue. 2025. Silurian-Devonian critical metal mineralization boom of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Geological Bulletin of China, 44(4): 574-586. doi: 10.12097/gbc.2024.06.020

Citation:

ZHONG Shihua, HUANG Yu, LIU Yongle, ZHANG Yong, BAI Guolong, LIU Zhigang, MA Qiang, WANG Lijun, ZHAO Furong, HE Shuyue. 2025. Silurian-Devonian critical metal mineralization boom of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Geological Bulletin of China, 44(4): 574-586. doi: 10.12097/gbc.2024.06.020

Silurian-Devonian critical metal mineralization boom of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt

1.
College of Marine Geosciences/Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
3.
The Third Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810029, Qinghai, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Yongle, 281023605@qq.com

Received Date: 11 June 2024

Revised Date: 11 December 2024

Publish Date: 15 April 2025

Abstract

Abstract

Objective
With the deepening of geological surveys and research, substantial evidence has indicated that the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt experienced large−scale mineralization during the Silurian–Devonian periods. However, there has been a long−standing lack of in−depth research on the mineralization processes of these periods. This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of large−scale mineralization during the Silurian–Devonian in East Kunlun and its geodynamic background, with the goal of supporting a new round of strategic actions for mineral exploration breakthroughs.
Methods
Based on a systematic collection of the latest mineral exploration results from the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the types and characteristics of mineralization during the Silurian–Devonian periods in this region.
Results
The East Kunlun region primarily developed three types of deposits during the Silurian−Devonian periods: magmatic segregation−type copper−nickel deposits related to mafic−ultramafic rocks, such as those found in Xiarihamu and Binggounan; porphyry–skarn deposits related to granitoids, which can be further subdivided into porphyry–skarn copper−iron polymetallic deposits and skarn tungsten−tin deposits, such as those in Kaerqueka, Wulanwuzhuer, and Baiganhu; alkaline rock−carbonatite−type niobium deposits related to alkaline rocks and carbonatites, represented by the Dagele deposit.
Conclusions
Comprehensive previous studies indicate that the formation of large−scale metal deposits in East Kunlun during the Silurian−Devonian periods is closely related to the evolution following the closure of the Proto−Tethys Ocean. After the closure of the Proto−Tethys Ocean around 435 Ma, the East Kunlun region entered a continent−continent collision environment. Due to slab break−off and post−collisional extension, large−scale upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle was induced. During the ascent of mantle−derived magmas, varying degrees of crust−mantle interaction with continental crust materials occurred, forming magmas rich in ore−forming elements, which eventually emplaced in the upper crust, resulting in different types of deposits. Future research should further investigate the distribution and mineralization potential of Silurian–Devonian mafic−ultramafic rocks, carbonatites, and granitoids in East Kunlun, providing theoretical guidance for a comprehensive understanding of the metallogenic patterns in the region and achieving breakthroughs in mineral exploration.
- East Kunlun /
- Proto-Tethys /
- porphyry-skarn deposit /
- magmatic deposit /
- critical metal

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References

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