Citation: | Lang-feng Mu, Hao-tian Liu, Chi Zhang, Yi Zhang, Hai-long Lu, 2025. Optimization of production well patterns for natural gas hydrate reservoir: Referring to the results from production tests and numerical simulations, China Geology, 8, 39-57. doi: 10.31035/cg20230124 |
Natural gas hydrate is a clean energy source with substantial resource potential. In contrast to conventional oil and gas, natural gas hydrate exists as a multi-phase system consisting of solids, liquids, and gases, which presents unique challenges and complicates the mechanisms of seepage and exploitation. Both domestic and international natural gas hydrate production tests typically employ a single-well production model. Although this approach has seen some success, it continues to be hindered by low production rates and short production cycles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a new well network to significantly increase the production of a single well. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in natural gas hydrate research, including both laboratory studies and field tests. It further examines the gas production processes and development outcomes for single wells, dual wells, multi-branch wells, and multi-well systems under conditions of depressurization, thermal injection, and CO2 replacement. On this basis, well types and well networks suitable for commercial exploitation of natural gas hydrate were explored, and the technical direction of natural gas hydrate development was proposed. The study shows that fully exploiting the flexibility of complex structural wells and designing a well network compatible with the reservoir is the key to improving production from a single well. Moreover, multi-well joint exploitation is identified as an effective strategy for achieving large-scale, efficient development of natural gas hydrate.
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Schematic diagram of hydrate classification
Principles of different recovery methods of hydrate
Hydrate saturation distribution in the plane of the vertical well (“Well-1”) and the inclined well (“Well-2”) (modified from Myshakin EM et al., 2016).
Well configurations for the oceanic gas hydrate production by depressurization (modified from Yu T et al., 2019)
Schematic diagram for a numerical simulation model of depressurization exploitation of hydrate reservoir at W17 station (modified from Chen CY et al., 2020)
Schematic diagram of gas hydrate exploitation by the combination of ocean surface warm water injection with depressurization (modified from Yang H et al., 2012)
Two-well design for gas production (modified from Sasaki K et al., 2009).
Schematic diagram of GEAN (modified from Liu YG et al., 2019)
Design cases of various well types (after Ye HY et al., 2022)
Schematic top view of the well patterns.
Reverse nine-point well pattern (modified from Yu T, 2020)
Numerical model for field production scheme using four pairs of dual horizontal wells in radian arrangement (modified from Sasaki K et al., 2010)
Schematic diagram of five-point pattern method (modified from Moridis GJ and Kowalsky M 2006)
Schematic diagram of multiple-well systems used for offshore methane hydrate production (modified from MH21 Research Consortium, 2017)
Schematic diagram for exploitation of argillaceous siltstone hydrate reservoir by horizontal well group (modified from Ma XL et al., 2021)