| Citation: |
Ya-ci Liu, Lin Wu, Guo-wei Shi, Sheng-wei Cao, Ya-song Li, 2022. Characteristics and sources of microplastic pollution in the water and sediments of the Jinjiang River Basin, Fujian Province, China, China Geology, 5, 429-438. doi: 10.31035/cg2022051
|
Characteristics and sources of microplastic pollution in the water and sediments of the Jinjiang River Basin, Fujian Province, China
-
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is widely distributed from surface water to sediments to groundwater vertically and from land to the ocean horizontally. This study collected samples from surface water, groundwater, and sediments from upper to lower reaches and then to the estuary in 16 typical areas in the Jinjiang River Basin, Fujian Province, China. Afterward, it determined the components and abundance of the microplastics and analyzed the possible microplastic sources through principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, seven main components of microplastics were detected, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyformaldehyde (POM), nylon 6 (PA6), and polystyrene (PS). Among them, PE and PP were found to have the highest proportion in the surface water and sediments and in the groundwater, respectively. The surface water, groundwater, and sediments had average microplastic abundance of 1.6 n/L, 2.7 n/L and 33.8 n/kg, respectively. The microplastics in the sediments had the largest particle size, while those in the groundwater had the smallest particle size. Compared with water bodies and sediments in other areas, those in the study area generally have medium-low-level microplastic abundance. Three pollution sources were determined according to PCA, i.e., the dominant agriculture-forestry-fishery source, domestic wastewater, and industrial production. This study can provide a scientific basis for the control of microplastics in rivers.
-
-
References
Alam FC, Sembiring E, Muntalif BS, Suendo V. 2019. Microplastic distribution in surface water and sediment river around slum and industrial area (case study: Ciwalengke River, Majalaya district, Indonesia). Chemosphere, 224, 637–645. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.188. Browne MA, Crump P, Niven SJ, Teuten E, Tonkin A, Galloway T, Thompson R. 2011. Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide: Sources and sinks. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(21), 9175–9179. doi: 10.1021/es201811s. Christian, Schmid, Tobias, Krauth, Stephan, Wagner. 2017. Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(21), 12246–12253. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02368. Ding L, Mao Rf, Guo X, Yang X, Zhang Q, Yang C. 2019. Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Wei River, in the northwest of China. Science of The Total Environment, 667(1), 427–434. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.332. Falco FD, Gullo MP, Gentile G, Pace ED, Avella M. 2017. Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics. Environmental Pollution, 236, 916–925. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.057. Gallagher A, Rees A, Rowe R, Stevens J, Wright P. 2016. Microplastics in the Solent estuarine complex, UK: An initial assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin:S0025326X15001903, 102, 243–249. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.002. Gong JS, Zhu CF, Ye NJ, Wang HS, Zhou KE, Hou LL. 2014. Experimental study of impact of a certain polluted river on groundwater along river bank in Southeast China. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 2(3), 8–16. Huang YY, Chen WC, Su JY. 2015. An evaluation of the geochemical characteristics and environmental quality of the shallow groundwater in Jinjiang China. Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science), 32(2), 154–161 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.11721/cqnuj20150227. Han LH, Li QL, Xu L, Lu AX, Gong WW, Wei Q. 2020. The pollution characteristics of microplastics in Daliao River sediments. China Environmental Science, 40(4), 1649–16586 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000-6923.2020.0184. Jambeck JR, Geyer R, Wilcox C, Siegler TR, Perryman M, Andrady A, Narayan R, Law KL. 2015. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347, 768–771. doi: 10.1126/science.1260352. Klein S, Worch E, Knepper TP. 2015. Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in River Shore Sediments of the Rhine-Main Area in Germany. Environmental Science and Technology, 49, 6070–6076. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00492. Lebreton L, Joost V, Damsteeg JW, Slat B, Andrady A, Reisser J. 2017. River plastic emissions to the world's oceans. Nature Communications, 8, 15611. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15611. Leslie HA, J. M. van Velzen M, Brandsma SH, Vethaak D, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lamoree MH. 2022. Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environment International, 163, 107199. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107199. Li JN, Ling W, Shen Q, He YN, Xu XY, Chen X, An LH. 2021. Characteristics and Distribution of Microplastics in Surface Water from Shuangtaizi River and Daliao River. Journal of Ecotoxicology, 16(3), 192–199 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20201013002. Liu M, Lu S, Yang S, Lei L, Hu J, Lv W, Zhou W, Cao C, Shi H, Yang X, He D. 2018. Microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in farmland soils in suburbs of Shanghai, China. Environmental Pollution, 242, 855–862. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.051. Liu RP, Dong Y, Quan GC, Zhu H, Xu YN, Elwardany RM. 2021a. Microplastic pollution in surface water and sediments of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and causes. China Geology, 4(1), 178–184. doi: 10.31035/cg2021011. Liu RP, Li ZZ, Liu F, Dong Y, Jiao JG, Sun PP, Elwardany RM. 2021b. Microplastic pollution in Yellow River, China: Current status and research progress of biotoxicological effects. China Geology, 4(4), 585–592. doi: 10.31035/cg2021081. Luo W, Su L, Craig NJ, Du F, Wu C, Shi H. 2019. Comparison of microplastic pollution in different water bodies from urban creeks to coastal waters. Environmental Pollution, 246, 174–182. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.081. Ma L, Teng YG, Lin XY, Wang J S, Pan C Z. 2012. Sources of water pollution in the Jinjiang River Basin. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 48(5), 471–475 (in Chinese with English abstract). Ma L, Teng YG, Lin XY, Wang J S. 2015. Spatial distribution of pollution load and critical source area identification in the Jinjiang River Basin. China Environmental Science, 35(12), 3679–3688 (in Chinese with English abstract). Mai L, You SN, He H, Bao LJ, Zeng EY. 2019. Riverine microplastic pollution in the pearl River Delta, China: Are modeled estimates accurate? Environmental Science and Technology, 53(20), 11810–11817. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04838. Makhdoumi P, Amin AA, Karimi H, Pirsaheb M, Kim H, Hossini H. 2021. Occurrence of microplastic particles in the most popular Iranian bottled mineral water brands and an assessment of human exposure. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 39, 101708. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101708. Miller RZ, Watts AJR, Winslow BO, Galloway TS, Barrows APW. 2017. Mountains to the sea: River study of plastic and non-plastic microfiber pollution in the northeast USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124, 245–251. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.028. Mintenig SM, Löder MGJ, Primpke S, Gerdts G. 2019. Low numbers of microplastics detected in drinking water from ground water sources. Science of The Total Environment, 648, 631–635. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.178. Moore CJ, Lattin GL, Zellers AF. 2011. Quantity and type of plastic debris flowing from two urban rivers to coastal waters and beaches of Southern California. Revista de Gestà £ o Costeira Integrada, 11(1), 65–73. doi: 10.5894/rgci194. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2022. Global plastics outlook: Economic drivers, environmental impacts and policy options. doi: 10.1787/de747aef-cn. Panno SV, Kelly WR, Scott J, Zheng W, McNeish RE, Holm N, Hoellein TJ, Baranski EL. 2019. Microplastic contamination in karst groundwater systems. Groundwater, 57, 189–196. doi: 10.1111/gwat.12862. Peng G, Xu P, Zhu B, Bai M, Li D. 2017a. Microplastics in freshwater river sediments in Shanghai, China: A case study of risk assessment in mega-cities. Environmental Pollution, 234, 448–456. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.034. Peng G, Zhu B, Yang D, Su L, Shi H, Li D. 2017b. Microplastics in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary, China. Environmental Pollution, 225, 283–290. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.064. Pu SY, Zhang Y, Lu X. 2020. Review on the environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of microplastics in soil-groundwater. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 15(1), 44–55 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20190923002. Qi R, Jones DL, Li Z, Liu Q, Yan C. 2020. Behavior of microplastics and plastic film residues in the soil environment: A critical review. The Science of the Total Environment, 703, 134722. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134722. Ramakrishnan R, Bharath M, K R M, Natesan U, Srinivasalu S. 2021. Spatial distribution of microplastic concentration around landfill sites and its potential risk on groundwater. Chemosphere, 277, 130263. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130263. Samandra S, Johnston JM, Jaeger JE, Symons B, Xie S, Currell M, Ellis AV, Clarke BO. 2022. Microplastic contamination of an unconfined groundwater aquifer in Victoria, Australia. Science of The Total Environment, 802, 149727. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149727. Selvam S, Jesuraja K, Venkatramanan S, Roy PD, Jeyanthi Kumari V. 2021. Hazardous microplastic characteristics and its role as a vector of heavy metal in groundwater and surface water of coastal south India. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 402, 123786. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123786. Shruti VC, Jonathan MP, Rodriguez-Espinosa PF, Rodríguez-González F. 2019. Microplastics in freshwater sediments of Atoyac River basin, Puebla City, Mexico. Science of The Total Environment, 654, 154–163. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.054. Song B, Liu CL, Zhang Y, Hou HB, Pei LX, Yang L. 2013. Urban waste disposal and its impact on groundwater pollution in China. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 1(2), 88–95. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-050762-0.50025-5. Tang QS. 2018. Development status and market analysis of domestic polypropylene industry. Modern Economic Information, 18, 360–361. Wang GL. 2020. Study on Microplastic Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment in Manas River Basin. Shihezi University, Master thesis, 1–69. doi: 10.27332/d.cnki.gshzu.2020.000624. (in Chinese with English abstract) Xiong W, Mei X, Mi BB, Yang H, Han ZZ, Zhang Y, Lü WC. 2022. Current status and cause analysis of microplastic pollution in sea areas in China. China Geology, 5(1), 160–170. doi: 10.31035/cg2021072. Yan YC, Yang ZF, Yu T. 2022. Sources, ecological hazards, and treatment technologies of microplastics in soil. Geology in China, 49(3), 770–788 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.12029/gc20220307. Zhang YS, Sun L, Yin XL, Meng H. 2017. Progress and prospect of research on environmental geology of China: A review. Geology in China, 44(5), 901–912 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.12029/gc20170505. -
Access History
Figures(3)
Tables(4)
Export File
Citation
Ya-ci Liu, Lin Wu, Guo-wei Shi, Sheng-wei Cao, Ya-song Li, 2022. Characteristics and sources of microplastic pollution in the water and sediments of the Jinjiang River Basin, Fujian Province, China, China Geology, 5, 429-438. doi: 10.31035/cg2022051
Format
Content
DownLoad:
-
Figure 1.
Location of the Jinjiang River Basin and the sampling sites
-
Figure 2.
Microplastics abundance in surface water (a), groundwater (b) and sediment (c) of Jinjiang River Basin.
-
Figure 3.
Comparison of microplastics composition (a), particle sizes (b) and abundance in surface water, groundwater and sediment of Jinjiang River Basin.