| Citation: |
Zhi-bo Zhang, Ying Xu, Di-fei Zhao, Hao-ming Liu, Wei-cheng Jiang, Dan-ling Chen, Teng-rui Jin, 2023. Evaluation of reservoir environment by chemical properties of reservoir water‒A case study of Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield, Ordos Basin, China, China Geology, 6, 443-454. doi: 10.31035/cg2022042
|
Evaluation of reservoir environment by chemical properties of reservoir water‒A case study of Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield, Ordos Basin, China
-
Abstract
The Ordos Basin is the largest continental multi-energy mineral basin in China, which is rich in coal, oil and gas, and uranium resources. The exploitation of mineral resources is closely related to reservoir water. The chemical properties of reservoir water are very important for reservoir evaluation and are significant indicators of the sealing of reservoir oil and gas resources. Therefore, the caprock of the Chang 6 reservoir in the Yanchang Formation was evaluated. The authors tested and analyzed the chemical characteristics of water samples selected from 30 wells in the Chang 6 reservoir of Ansai Oilfield in the Ordos Basin. The results show that the Chang 6 reservoir water in Ansai Oilfield is dominated by calcium-chloride water type with a sodium chloride coefficient of generally less than 0.5. The chloride magnesium coefficients are between 33.7 and 925.5, most of which are greater than 200. The desulfurization coefficients range from 0.21 to 13.4, with an average of 2.227. The carbonate balance coefficients are mainly concentrated below 0.01, with an average of 0.008. The calcium and magnesium coefficients are between 0.08 and 0.003, with an average of 0.01. Combined with the characteristics of the four-corner layout of the reservoir water, the above results show that the graphics are basically consistent. The study indicates that the Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield in the Ordos Basin is a favorable block for oil and gas storage with good sealing properties, great preservation conditions of oil and gas, and high pore connectivity.
-
-
References
Abdou M, Carnegie A, Mathews SG. 2011. Finding value in formation water. Oilfield Review, Spring,23(1), 24–35. Austad T, Shariatpanahi SF, Strand S, Shariatpanahi S, Strand CJ, Black J, Webb KJ. 2012. Conditions for a low salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) effect in Carbonate Oil Reservoirs. Energy & Fuels, 26, 569–575. BethKe CM, Reed JD, Oltz DF. 1991. Long-range petroleum migration in the Illinois Basin. AAPG Bulletin, 75(5), 925–945. Brady PV, Thyne G. 2016. Functional wettability in carbonate reservoirs. Energy Fuel, 30(11), 9217–9225. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01895. Chen XZ, Hu XL, Zou K, Ji CH, He GL. 2008. Basin fluid hydrocarbon accumulation basic relationship. Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry, (6), 50–52 (in Chinese with English abstract). Dai JY, Li JT, Wang BG, Pan R. 2012. Distribution regularity and formation mechanism of gas and water in the western area of Sulige Gas Field, NW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 39(5), 524–529 (in Chinese with English abstract). Dou WT, Liu XS, Wang T. 2010. The origin of formation water and the regularity of gas and water distribution for the Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 31(5), 767–773 (in Chinese with English abstract). Dubey S, Doe P. 1993. Base number and wetting properties of crude oils. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 8(3), 195–200. doi: 10.2118/22598-PA. Guo JH, Wu DS, Liu CS. 2006. Variety regularity of oil as well as formation water property and hydrocarbon gathering in the damintun sag of the Liaohe basin. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 28(5), 458–462 (in Chinese with English abstract). Guo M, Li ZD, Du SL, Liu SP, Li XW. 2009. The genesis of formation water and its relation to oil-gas accumulation in upper Paleozoic of Hangjinqi Area. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 29(1), 99–105 (in Chinese with English abstract). Houston SJ, Yardley B, Smalley PC, Collins I. 2006. Precipitation and dissolution of minerals during waterflooding of a North Sea oil field. SPE International Oilfield Scale Symposium, Aberdeen, UK, May, (SPE100508). doi: org/10.2118/100603-MS. Hu XL, Li J, Zhang M, Hu GY, Zhang S. 2008. Analyzing formation water chemistry parameters of gas reservoir storage conditions-in Hutubi, oil and gas fields horgos case. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 31(4), 23–26 (in Chinese with English abstract). Jones T, Koldig J, Kogsboll HH. 2006. Downhole scale management in Gorm, dan, and halfdan, and implications to industry trends. SPE-100508-MS. SPE International Oilfield Scale Symposium. Aberdeen, United Kingdom: Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1‒6 (SPE100508). Li ET, Xie XN, Wang H. 2004. Basis and application of sedimentary basin analysis. Beijing, Higher Education Press. Li JH, Hui X, Cheng DX, Zhao YD, Zhang XF. 2014. Characteristics of formation water of Chang 8 Reservoir in Jiyuan Area of Ordos Basin. Journal of Petroleum and Natural Gas, 36(2), 46–49 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li JH, Li RX, Han TY, Ma HZ. 2009. Study of stratum water and oil and gas accumulation relations of Majiatan area in the Western Ordos Basin. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 31(3), 243–257 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liang JW, Li RX, Chen YL. 2013. Geochemical behaviors and genesis of formation water in 8th Member of Xiashihezi Formation in Western Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 34(5), 625–630 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liang XW, Niu XB, Li WC, Zhang S, Ye B, You Y. 2012. Chemical character of oilfield water in Ordos Basin and geological significance. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology, 39(5), 502–508 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu GD, Zhang HF. 2009. Petroleum Geology. Beijing, Petroleum Industry Press, 28‒30 (in Chinese). Lou ZH, Zhu R, Jin, AM, Li Mei. 2009. Relationship between groundwater and hydrocarbon accumulation-preservation in sedimentary basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 83(8), 1188–1194 (in Chinese with English abstract). Luo ZD. 2014. Research on Gas-Water Relation of He8 to Shan2 in the South of Sulige area. Chengdu, Chengdu University of Technology, Master thesis, 36‒41 (in Chinese with English abstract). Ma HY, Zhou LF, Deng XQ, Li JH, Yang LP. 2013. The chemical characteristics and geological significance of formation water of Chang 8 Subsection in Jiyuan Area of Ordos Basin. Journal of Northwest University, 43(2), 253–257 (in Chinese with English abstract). Mahani H, Keya AL, Berg SR. 2017. Electrokinetics of carbonate-brine interface in low-salinity waterflooding: Effect of brine salinity, composition, rock type, and pH on ζ-potential and a surface-complexation model. SPE Journal, 22(1), 53–68. doi: 10.2118/181745-PA. Man HM, Ye JR, Li LX, Yu JJ, Wang JL. 2009. Characteristics of oilfield water and its implications to petroleum geology in the western sopel, Dongpu Depression. Geological Science and Technology Information, 28(3), 67–72 (in Chinese with English abstract). Masalmeh SK, Sorop TG, Suijkerbuijk BMJM, Vermolen ECM, Douma S, Linde HA van del, Pieterse SGJ 2014. Low salinity flooding: Experimental evaluation and numerical interpretation. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 00328. doi: org/10.3997/2214-4609- pdb.395.IPTC-17558-MS. McCartney RA, Williams JC, Coghlan G. 2005. Processes determining the composition of produced water from subsea fields and implications for scale management birch field, UKCS (SPE94869). SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, 1‒12. doi: org/10. 2118/94869-MS. McMahon PB, Kulongoski JT, Vengosh A, Cozzarelli IM, Landon MK, Kharaka YK, Gillespie JM, Davis TA. 2018. Regional patterns in the geochemistry of oil-field water, southern san joaquin valley. California, USA. Applied Geochemistry, 98, 127‒140. doi: org/10.1016/j. apgeochem. 2018. 09.015. Melimans KR. 1987. The application of fluid inclusions to migration of oil and diagenesis in petroleum reservoirs. Applied Geochemistry, 2, 585–603. doi: 10.1016/0883-2927(87)90011-4. Qi YL, Guo ZQ, Chu MJ, Cheng DX, Zhang ZY. 2013. Cl− evolution mechanism of yanchang stage of late Triassic in Ordos Basin and its significance. Lithologic Reservoirs, 25(5), 18–23 (in Chinese with English abstract). Qi YL, Luo AX, Zhang XL, Liu X, Sun B, Li TT. 2014. The Relationship between formation water and reservoir preservation conditions of Chang 7 Reservoir in Ordos Basin. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 36(10), 45–49 (in Chinese with English abstract). Schovsbo NH, Gottfredsen SN, Schmidt KG, Jørgensen TM. 2018. Oil production monitoring and optimization from produced water analytics: A case study from the halfdan chalk oil field, Danish North Sea. IFAC-Papers OnLine, 51(8), 203–210. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.378. Schovsbo NH, Holmslykke HD, Kjøller C, Kristensen L, Esbensen KH, Halim AY, Gottfredsen SN, Feiberg KL, Nielsen SM. 2017. Decoding the water flooding processes from produced water composition-a case study from the halfdan chalk oil field, Danish North Sea. In:79th EAGE Conference Exhibition, 1–5. Schovsbo NH, Holmslykke, HD, Kjøller C, Hedegaard K, Kristensen L, Thomsen E, Esbensen KH. 2016. Types of formation water and produced water types in Danish oil and gas fields: Implications for enhanced oil recovery by ‘smart’ water injection. Geologyical Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulltin, 35, 43–46. doi: 10.34194/geusb.v35.4924. Shi BH, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yang YJ, Li H. 2012. Hydrocarbon accumulation dating by fluid inclusion characteristics in Chang 7 tight sandstone reservoirs of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 34(6), 599–603 (in Chinese with English abstract). Sofie NB, Niels HS, Schovsbo Feilberg KL. 2020. Classification of and changes within formation water types in Danish North Sea Chalk: A study of the Halfdan, Dan, Kraka and Valdemar oil reservoirs. Applied Geochemistry, (22), 1–16. Song Y, Zeng YC, Wang L, Duan XD, Puerto M, Chapman GW, Biswal LS, Hirasaki JG. 2017. Surface complexation modeling of calcite zeta potential measurements in brines with mixed potential determining ions (Ca2+, CO32−, Mg2+, SO42−) for characterizing carbonate wettability. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 506, 169–179. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.096. Standnes DC, Austad T. 2000. Wettability alteration in chalk: 1 Preparation of corematerial and oil properties. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 28(3), 111–121. doi: 10.1016/S0920-4105(00)00083-8. Sun NL, Zhong JH, Liu SG. 2017. Diagenesis and physical property evolution of gravity flow tight reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Southern Ordos Basin. Earth Science, 42(9), 1565–1577 (in Chinese with English abstract). Tan W, Li ZD, Zhang ZH. 2011. Characteristics and genesis of formation water in Daniudi Gas Field, Ordos Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 23(5), 116‒20 (in Chinese with English abstract). Vazquez O, Young C, Demyanov V, Arnold D, Fisher A, MacMillan A, Christie M. 2015. Produced-water-chemistry history matching in the Janice field (SPE164903). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 18, 1–13. Wang CY, Zheng RC, Liu Z, Liang XW, Li YY, Zhang YW, Li YN. 2014. Paleosalinity of Chang 9 Reservoir in Longdong Area, Ordos Basin and its geological significance. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 32(1), 116–165 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang R, Li Y, Lv CY, Tang YQ, Cui ML, Jia HC, Liu X, Liu JD. 2021. Study on potential evaluation method on CO2EWR and storage for deep saline layers in Ordos Basin. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 8(5), 50 55 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xie Q, Ma DH, Wu JZ, Liu QJ, Jia NH, Luo ML. 2015. Potential evaluation of ion tuning waterflooding for a tight oil reservoir in Jiyuan OilField: Experiments and reservoir simulation results. Society of Petroleum Engineers: SPE-174584-MS. doi: org/10.2118/174584-MS. Xu GS, Liu SG, Zhang YJ, Zhang LT. 1999. Hydrochemical condition of natural gas enrichment in east sichuan carboniferous system. Oil & Gas Geology, 20(1), 15–19 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xue YQ, Xie CH. 2007. Numerical Simulation of Groundwater. Beijing, Sciences Press, 121‒125 (in Chinese). Yao ZJ, Zhao Y, Li J, Luo TT, Yang H. 2021. Study on the change law of physical properties after water flooding in J reservoirs block. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 8(6), 45‒161 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yang XH. 2009. Chemical Features of Formation Water and the Relationships with Oil-Gas Pool in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression. Xi’an, Northeast Petroleum University, Master thesis, 27‒37 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yuan YF, Men YP, Zhang YT, Zhang JQ, Zuo WW. 2013. Reservoir water chemical characteristics and geological significance in Wanghuaizi Groove Area, the east part of North Shaanxi Slope, Ordos Basin. Liaoning Chemical Industry, 42(1), 92–93 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang L, Xu TH, Yang ZK,Yang Y, Xia Y Ye JW. 2021. Analysis on hydrochemical characteristics of formation water in Sudong Block. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 8(5), 27 33(in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang W, Li YH, Zhang Q, Chen CH, Han W, Zhao FH. 2017. Chronostratigraphic division of Yanchang formation in southern Ordos Basin and response of Chang 73 to episode i of Indosinian Movement. Earth Sciences, 42(9), 1565–1577 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.111. Zhang XF, Yang SY, Wang YL, Guo ZQ, Li JH. 2015. Analysis on formation and genesis of Changchang 81 in Jiyuan area. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 29(6), 84–88 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang ZB, Liu T, Li LR, Liu HM, Li SZ, Ning QQ, Wei XX. 2017. Chemical characteristics of Chang 6 oil field water in CD area of Ordos Oilfield and geological significance. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 37(3), 61–68 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.19719/j.cnki.1001-6872.2017.03.009. Zhou X, He S, Chen ZY, Wang FR, Zhou SB, Liu P. 2016. Diagenesis and diagenetic facies of low porosity and permeability sandstone in Member 8 of the Yanchang Formation in Daijiaping area, Ordos Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 37(2), 155–164 (in Chinese with English abstract). -
Access History
Figures(8)
Tables(3)
Export File
Citation
Zhi-bo Zhang, Ying Xu, Di-fei Zhao, Hao-ming Liu, Wei-cheng Jiang, Dan-ling Chen, Teng-rui Jin, 2023. Evaluation of reservoir environment by chemical properties of reservoir water‒A case study of Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield, Ordos Basin, China, China Geology, 6, 443-454. doi: 10.31035/cg2022042
Format
Content
DownLoad:
-
Figure 1.
a‒Secondary structural unit (modified from Zhang ZB et al., 2017; Shi BH et al., 2012); b‒isothickness map of the sand body in the study area (unit: m); c‒lithologic bar chart of Chang 6 members; d‒burial and thermal histories in the Ordos Basin (Shi BH et al., 2012). 1‒secondary structural unit; 2‒fault; 3‒isopachy line of the sand body; 4‒place name; 5‒oil-bearing horizon; 6‒sandstone; 7‒mudstone; 8‒research area; 9‒well.
-
Figure 2.
Salinity distribution histogram of the Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield.
-
Figure 3.
Triangle diagram of water anion content in Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield. a‒
${\rm{r}}_{{\rm{Ca}}^{2+}} $ ，${\rm{r}}_{{\rm{K}}^+ + {\rm{Na}}^+}$ and${\rm{r}}_{{\rm{Mg}}^{2+}} $ tri-terminal diagram of major cation; b‒${\rm{r}}_{{\rm{SO_4}}^{2-}}$ ,${\rm{r}}_{{\rm{Cl}}^{-}}$ and${\rm{r}}_{{{\rm{HCO}}_3}^{-}}$ tri-terminal diagram of major anions. -
Figure 4.
Correlation diagram between the content of cation and anion in water and salinity in Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield. a−K++Na+ correlates with TDS; b−Ca2+ correlates with TDS; c−Cl− correlates with TDS; d−Mg2+ correlates with TDS; e−SO42− correlates with TDS; f−HCO3− correlates with TDS.
-
Figure 5.
Distribution histogram showing (a) the sodium-chlorine and (b) thechlorine-magnesium coefficients of formation water in the Chang 6 reservoir.
-
Figure 6.
Distribution histogram showing the desulfurization coefficients (a) and carbonate equilibrium coefficients of formation water (b) in the Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield.
-
Figure 7.
Four-angle layout of 12 Wells in chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield.
-
Figure 8.
Distribution histogram showing the calcium-magnesium coefficients of formation water in the Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield