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2021 Vol. 4, No. 3
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Huan Huang, Chang-fu Chen, Xiao-jie Mo, Ding-ding Wu, Yan-ming Liu, Ming-zhu Liu, Hong-han Chen, 2021. Mechanisms of salt rejection at the ice-liquid interface during the freezing of pore fluids in the seasonal frozen soil area, China Geology, 4, 446-454. doi: 10.31035/cg2021059
Citation: Huan Huang, Chang-fu Chen, Xiao-jie Mo, Ding-ding Wu, Yan-ming Liu, Ming-zhu Liu, Hong-han Chen, 2021. Mechanisms of salt rejection at the ice-liquid interface during the freezing of pore fluids in the seasonal frozen soil area, China Geology, 4, 446-454. doi: 10.31035/cg2021059
shu

Mechanisms of salt rejection at the ice-liquid interface during the freezing of pore fluids in the seasonal frozen soil area

  • a.

    China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, China

  • b.

    Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

  • c.

    China ENFI Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100038, China

More Information
Received Date:  23 July 2021
Revised Date:  13 September 2021
Accepted Date:  18 September 2021
Available Online:  22 September 2021
Publish Date:  25 September 2021
    Abstract

  • Seasonal frozen soil accounts for about 53.50% of the land area in China. Frozen soil is a complex multiphase system where ice, water, soil, and air coexist. The distribution and migration of salts in frozen soil during soil freezing are notably different from those in unfrozen soil areas. However, little knowledge is available about the process and mechanisms of salt migration in frozen soil. This study explores the mechanisms of salt migration at the ice-liquid interface during the freezing of pore fluids through batch experiments. The results are as follows. The solute concentrations of liquid and solid phases at the ice-liquid interface ( < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $ {C}_{L}^{*} $ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M5.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M3.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M1.png'/ > , < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $ {C}_{S}^{*} $ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M4.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M2.png'/ > ) gradually increased at the initial stage of freezing and remained approximately constant at the middle stage. As the ice-liquid interface advanced toward the system boundary, the diffusion of the liquid phase was blocked but the ice phase continued rejecting salts. As a result, < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $ {C}_{L}^{*} $ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M5.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M3.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M1.png'/ > and < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $ {C}_{S}^{*} $ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M4.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M2.png'/ > rapidly increased at the final stage of freezing. The distribution characteristics of solutes in ice and the liquid phases before < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $ {C}_{L}^{*} $ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M5.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M3.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M1.png'/ > and < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $ {C}_{S}^{*} $ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M4.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='cg2021059_M2.png'/ > became steady were mainly affected by the freezing temperature, initial concentrations, and particle-size distribution of media (quartz sand and kaolin). In detail, the lower the freezing temperature and the better the particle-size distribution of media, the higher the solute proportion in the ice phase at the initial stage of freezing. Meanwhile, the increase in concentration first promoted but then inhibited the increase of solutes in the ice phase. These results have insights and scientific significance for the tackling of climate change, the environmental protection of groundwater and soil, and infrastructure protection such as roads, among other things.

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