| Citation: |
Hai-Bo Zhao, Yong Zhang, Lei Liu, 2021. Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation, China Geology, 4, 230-244. doi: 10.31035/cg2021003
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Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation
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Abstract
The giant Dahutang tungsten (W) deposit has a total reserve of more than 1.31 Mt WO3. Veinlet-disseminated scheelite and vein type wolframite mineralization are developed in this deposit, which are related to Late Mesozoic biotite granite. Four major types of alterations, which include albitization, potassic-alteration, and greisenization, and overprinted silicification developed in contact zone. The mass balance calculate of the four alteration types were used to further understanding of the mineralization process. The fresh porphyritic biotite granite has high Nb, Ta, and W, but low Ca and Sr while the Jiuling granodiorite has high Ca and Sr, but low Nb, Ta, and W concentrations. The altered porphyritic biotite granite indicated that the Nb, Ta, and W were leached out from the fresh porphyritic biotite granite, especially by sodic alteration. The low Ca and Sr contents of the altered Neoproterozoic Jiuling granodiorite indicate that Ca and Sr had been leached out from the fresh granodiorite by the fluid from Mesozoic porphyritic biotite granites. The metal W of the Dahutang deposit was mainly derived from the fluid exsolution from the melt and alteration of W-bearing granites. This study of alteration presents a new hydrothermal circulation model to understand tungsten mineralization in the Dahutang deposit.
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Hai-Bo Zhao, Yong Zhang, Lei Liu, 2021. Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation, China Geology, 4, 230-244. doi: 10.31035/cg2021003
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Figure 1.
Schematic geological map and granite-related metal deposit of the Jiuling area (after Li XH et al., 2003; Yang MG et al., 2004; Zhong YF et al., 2005; Wang XL et al., 2008b; Zhang Y et al., 2018a).
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Figure 2.
Schematic geological map of the Dahutang tungsten deposit and Shimensi, Dawutang, Shiweidong, and Kunshan deposits, and their mining boundary (modified from Zhang Y et al., 2018a).
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Figure 3.
Diagrammatic sketch of the alteration halo for the representative deposits of the Dahutang tungsten deposit (modified from Zhang Y et al., 2018a).
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Figure 4.
Photomicrographs in transmitted light of the unaltered and altered porphyritic biotite granite and the ore mineral assemblage. a–unaltered porphyritic biotite granite specimen. b–transmitted light of the unaltered porphyritic biotite granite, and its distinct mineral grain boundaries. c–potassic porphyritic biotite granite. d–transmitted light of the potassic porphyritic biotite granite, and the K-feldspar alter the plagioclase. e–sodic porphyritic biotite granite specimen. f–transmitted light of the sodic porphyritic biotite granite, the albite altered K-feldspar, and the sericite altered plagioclase. g–greisenization porphyritic biotite granite. h–transmitted light of the greisenization porphyritic biotite granite. i, j–wolframite and scheelite quartz veins. k, l–disseminated veinlet-type tungsten deposits. Qz–quartz, Pl–plagioclase, Kfs–K-feldspar, Bt–biotite, Mus–muscovite, Ccp–chalcopyrite, Wol–Wolframite, Sch–Scheelite.
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Figure 5.
Selected elements mass-change calculations of four types of alteration in the Dahutang deposit.
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Figure 6.
Hydrothermal circulation model in the Dahutang tungsten deposit.