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2023 Vol. 43, No. 2
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HUANG Haoqing, YUAN Xingcheng, PENG Qinghua, GUO You, XUE Zhongkai, DAN Zeng, LI Jian, LIU Zhenfeng, BASANG Ciren, SUN Fei, YUAN Sheng. 2023. Geochemical characteristics and genetic mechanism of geothermal water and travertine in the southern Himalayas. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 43(2): 340-356. doi: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2023.05004
Citation: HUANG Haoqing, YUAN Xingcheng, PENG Qinghua, GUO You, XUE Zhongkai, DAN Zeng, LI Jian, LIU Zhenfeng, BASANG Ciren, SUN Fei, YUAN Sheng. 2023. Geochemical characteristics and genetic mechanism of geothermal water and travertine in the southern Himalayas. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 43(2): 340-356. doi: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2023.05004
shu

Geochemical characteristics and genetic mechanism of geothermal water and travertine in the southern Himalayas

  • 1.

    Civil-Military Integration Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610036, China

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

  • 3.

    Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

  • 4.

    College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

  • 5.

    Xi'an Mineral Resources Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710100, China

More Information
Received Date:  18 January 2023
Revised Date:  03 May 2023
Accepted Date:  10 May 2023
Publish Date:  30 June 2023
    Abstract

  • The southern Himalayas is rich in geothermal resources. The study of the formation mechanism of geothermal water and travertine is helpful to understand the characteristics of geothermal resources and the information of paleoclimate change. It is of great theoretical significance to enrich the systematic study of geothermal resources in Shannan and the study of climatic and environmental changes in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, three hot springs in Qiongduojiang, Gudui and Quzhuomu in Shannan area of eastern Himalayas are taken as the research objects. By collecting the data of hot spring geothermal water and travertine, the characteristics of geothermal water-rock interaction, the estimation of geothermal reservoir temperature of geothermal water, the traceability of geothermal water supply source, the genetic type and formation age of hot spring travertine and the climatic significance of travertine are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the hydrochemical type of Qiongduojiang hot spring is HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca type; The hydrochemical type of Guduiriruo boiling spring is HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na type. The hydrochemical type of Guduichaka boiling spring is Cl-Na type; The hydrochemical type of Quzhuomu hot spring is Cl·SO4-Na·Ca. The source of anions and cations in hot spring geothermal water is mainly the dissolution of silicate rocks and the dissolution of some carbonate rocks and salt rocks. Since the hot spring geothermal water has not reached the water-rock equilibrium state, the shallow thermal reservoir temperature is 129～148°C by using the quartz geothermal temperature scale, and the deep thermal reservoir temperature and cold water mixing ratio are 181～221°C and 58%～65% by using the silicon-enthalpy diagram. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes show that the geothermal water supply elevation is 4467～5303 m. In Shannan area, geothermal water is recharged by high-altitude atmospheric precipitation and ice and snow melt water. It migrates to the deep through the main fault structure to heat and rises along the fissures and joints under high temperature and high pressure. Then it is mixed with shallow cold water, and finally exposed along the shallow surface loose fracture zone to form a hot spring. Hot spring travertine CaO accounts for 43.43%～56.66%, and shows the characteristics of light rare earth element enrichment; the δ13C indicates that the hot spring travertine is thermogenic, and the carbon in travertine is mainly derived from the metamorphic origin of deep carbonate rocks, and only part of mantle carbon is found in Guduiriruo boiling spring; 14C dating shows that the age of travertine is 21280±70~>43500 years, the ratios of Mg/Ca and Mg/Sr indicate that the rainfall decreased rapidly from the peak in 43.50 ka, and gradually increased from 42 ka to 21.28 ka.

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