| Citation: |
YUAN Xingcheng, ZHANG Yunhui, WANG Ying, HUANG Xun, SUN Minglu, LÜ Guosen. 2023. Geothermal water chemical characteristics and scaling analysis of Xianshuihe fault zone. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 43(2): 357-372. doi: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2023.04005
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Geothermal water chemical characteristics and scaling analysis of Xianshuihe fault zone
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Abstract
Geothermal resources have great potential as clean energy, and can be used to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The Xianshuihe fault zone in western Sichuan is rich in geothermal resources, but geothermal scaling has become one of the main problems in the development and utilization of geothermal resources. In order to further identify the occurrence state and scaling trend characteristics of geothermal resources, this paper takes the six areas of Moxi, Yulingong, Erdaoqiao, Zhonggu, Bamei and Daofu on the Xianshuihe fault zone as the research area, and uses water chemistry analysis, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, heat storage temperature estimation and scaling trend characteristics analysis to carry out the geothermal water hydrochemistry and scaling trend characteristics of the Xianshuihe fault zone. The results show that the hydrochemical types of geothermal water are mainly Na-HCO3, Ca-HCO3, Ca·Na-HCO3 and Na-Cl·HCO3; Geothermal water mainly comes from the supply of atmospheric precipitation and oxygen drift occurs in most areas; The geothermal water has not reached the complete water-rock equilibrium state, and the shallow geothermal reservoir temperature is 61℃～172℃. The average temperature of deep thermal reservoir is 183℃ to 283℃, and the average cold water mixing ratio is 77% to 86%; The exponential analysis method and the saturation index discrimination method show that carbonate scaling may occur in the all above geothermal areas. Silicate scaling may only occur in several areas with abnormally high SiO2 content, while sulfate scaling almost does not occur. According to the cold water mixing ratio estimated by the silicon-enthalpy model, the fluid composition of the deep reservoir is reconstructed. Combined with the formula, it is calculated that the carbonate scaling degree in the Erdaoqiao area is the most serious, mainly because the reservoir lithology in the area is carbonate salt, and the reservoir temperature can promote the precipitation of CaCO3. For descaling and prevention, mechanical removal, control of CO2 partial pressure, control of solution pH, and use of chemical additives (scale inhibitors) can be used. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development and utilization of geothermal resources in the Xianshuihe fault zone and western Sichuan.
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References
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YUAN Xingcheng, ZHANG Yunhui, WANG Ying, HUANG Xun, SUN Minglu, LÜ Guosen. 2023. Geothermal water chemical characteristics and scaling analysis of Xianshuihe fault zone. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 43(2): 357-372. doi: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2023.04005
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Figure 1.
(a) Regional tectonic map of the Xianshuihe fault zone and (b) the distribution map of geothermal areas in the Xianshuihe fault zone (modified from Ref. Li et al., 2018, Li et al., 2020a, Zhang et al., 2021, Tang et al., 2022)
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Figure 2.
( a, b ) The scaling pictures of a high temperature geothermal well in Kangding County (Wang et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2016); (c, d ) Scaling pictures of geothermal waters in Erdaoqiao area; (e , f ) Scaling pictures of Longtougou and Guanding geolothermal waters in Laoyulin area
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Figure 3.
Box diagram of hydrochemical parameters of geothermal waters in the Xianshuihe fault zone. (a) temperature (℃)；(b)pH；(c)TDS(mg/L)；(d) Na+ (mg/L)；(e) K+ (mg/L)；(f) Mg2+ (mg/L)；(g) Ca2+ (mg/L)；(f) Cl－(mg/L)；(i) SO42－(mg/L)；(j) HCO3－(mg/L)；(k) SiO2 (mg/L) (data from Supplement table 1)
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Figure 4.
Piper triangle diagram of geothermal waters in the Xianshuihe fault zone (Piper, 1944) (The ellipses correspond to four hydrochemical types; data from supplement table 1)
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Figure 5.
Plot of δD-δ18O for the geothermal waters in the Xianshuihe fault zone (data from supplement table 1)
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Figure 6.
Na-K-Mg trilinear equilibrium diagram of the geothermal waters in the Xianshuihe fault zone (Giggenbach, 1988) (data from supplement table 1)
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Figure 7.
(a) The lg (K2/Mg)/lg (SiO2) ratio diagram and (b) silicon-enthalpy model diagram of the geothermal waters in the Xianshuihe fault zone (data from supplement table 1)
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Figure 8.
Variation of saturation index of typical minerals in geothermal waters at different temperatures in the Xianshuihe fault zone
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Figure 9.
Variation of saturation index of typical minerals in geothermal waters at different pH in the Xianshuihe fault zone