Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Yellow-Green Alunite Jade

Yan-jun SONG; Gan-yu LI; Jian ZHANG; Long-feng TAO; Yun-gui LIU; Lu ZHANG

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202003160036

2020 Vol. 39, No. 5

Article Contents

Article navigation > Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2020 > 39(5): 709-719

Next Article Previous Article

Yan-jun SONG, Gan-yu LI, Jian ZHANG, Long-feng TAO, Yun-gui LIU, Lu ZHANG. Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Yellow-Green Alunite Jade[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 709-719. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202003160036

Citation:

Yan-jun SONG, Gan-yu LI, Jian ZHANG, Long-feng TAO, Yun-gui LIU, Lu ZHANG. Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Yellow-Green Alunite Jade[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 709-719. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202003160036

Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Yellow-Green Alunite Jade

1.
College of Gemological and Material Techniques, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
2.
Gemstone Testing Center of Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
3.
Teaching Development Center, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
4.
College of Resource, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
5.
Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050031, China

Received Date: 16 March 2020

Revised Date: 20 April 2020

Accepted Date: 02 June 2020

Abstract

Abstract

BACKGROUND As a new kind of jade, yellow-green alunite jade is difficult to positively identify and evaluate due to the lack of research. Yellow-green alunite jade is a new type of jade that has appeared on the market in recent years. At present, there is relatively insufficient research on its gemological mineralogical characteristics, which makes it difficult for its scientific identification and quality evaluation. OBJECTIVES To study the mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism of yellow-green alunite jade. METHODS Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were applied to analyze the mineral component, microtexture, and chemical composition. RESULTS The main mineral component of yellow-green alunite jade was alunite with a cryptocrystalline texture and grain size of less than 5μm. The very fine texture identified it as a delicate jade, but due to lack of interwoven fibric or scaly texture, its toughness was relatively poor. The alunite jade was composed of O, Al, S and K. The contents of transition metals such as V, Fe, Cr were relatively high, with average contents of 23591.52μg/g, 4717.99μg/g and 2077.67μg/g, respectively. Combined with the absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet region of 500nm and 826nm in the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, it was concluded that the isomorphous substitution of Al³⁺ by V³⁺, Cr³⁺ and Fe³⁺ was the main cause of the yellow-green color. The texture of weathering crust of alunite jade was relatively coarse. The mineral components were alunite, quartz, goethite with minor anatase. Yellowish-brown color of weathering crust was due to the serious pigmentation by limonite, and especially goethite. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism of yellow-green alunite jade, which provides a theoretical basis for the scientific identification and further quality evaluation.
- alunite jade /
- mineral component /
- micro texture /
- coloration mechanism /
- inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry /
- ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	王濮, 潘兆橹, 翁玲宝.系统矿物学(下册)[M].北京:地质出版社, 1982:286-287. Google Scholar Wang P, Pan Z L, Weng L B.Systematic mineralogy (Volume Ⅲ)[M].Beijing:Geological Press, 1982:286-287. Google Scholar
[2]	李达, 蒋开喜, 蒋训雄, 等.明矾石焙砂提取硫酸钾的工艺研究[J].矿冶, 2016, 25(5):42-45. Google Scholar Li D, Jiang K X, Jiang X X, et al.Study on the technology of abstracting potassium sulfate from alunite calcine[J].Mining and Metallurgy, 2016, 25(5):42-45. Google Scholar
[3]	吕惠进.浙江省明矾石矿产资源及其开发利用[J].矿业研究与开发, 2004, 24(2):30-33. Google Scholar Lü H J.The alunite resource and its exploitation in Zhejiang Province[J].Mining Research and Development, 2004, 24(2):30-33. Google Scholar
[4]	陈波, 涂剑锋, 邹来昌.紫金山尾矿回收明矾石与地开石的浮选试验研究[J].有色金属(选矿部分), 2014, 73(6):62-65. Google Scholar Chen B, Tu J F, Zou L C.Experimental study on flotation of alunite and dickite from copper tailings in Zijinshan[J].Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section), 2014, 73(6):62-65. Google Scholar
[5]	王晓琳, 姬长生, 任海兵.我国明矾石资源综合利用现状与发展前景研究[J].中国矿业, 2010, 29(4):19-21. Google Scholar Wang X L, Ji C S, Ren H B.A study of present situation of comprehensive utilization and development prospect of alunite in China[J].China Mining Magazine, 2010, 29(4):19-21. Google Scholar
[6]	旷戈, 李付杰, 刘瑜, 等.明矾石综合利用技术研究进展[J].金属矿山, 2017, 55(11):128-132. Google Scholar Kuang G, Li F J, Liu Y, et al.Research progress on the comprehensive utilization of alunite[J].Metal Mine, 2017, 55(11):128-132. Google Scholar
[7]	Jambor J L.Nomenclature of the alunite supergroup[J].The Canadian Mineralogist, 1999, 37(6):1323-1341. Google Scholar
[8]	Sato E, Nakai I, Miyawaki R, et al.Crystal structures of alunite family minerals:Beaverite, corkite, alunite, natroalunite, jarosite, svanbergite, and woodhouseite[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2009, 185(3):313-322. Google Scholar
[9]	Desborough G A, Smith K S, Lowers H A, et al.Minera-logical and chemical characteristics of some natural jarosites[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2010, 74(3):1041-1056. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.11.006 CrossRef Google Scholar
[10]	Frost R L, Wills R A, Weier M L, et al.A Raman spectroscopic study of alunites[J].Journal of Molecular Structure, 2006, 785(1-3):123-132. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.10.003 CrossRef Google Scholar
[11]	Majzlan J, Speziale S, Duffy T S, et al.Single-crystal elastic properties of alunite, KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆[J].Physics & Chemistry of Minerals, 2006, 33(8):567-573. Google Scholar
[12]	Papike J J, Karner J M, Spilde M N, et al.Terrestrial analogs of martian sulfates:Major and minor element systematics of alunite-jarosite from Goldfield, Nevada[J].American Mineralogist, 2006, 91(7):1197-1200. doi: 10.2138/am.2006.2257 CrossRef Google Scholar
[13]	Nielsen U G, Majzlan J, Phillips B, et al.Characterization of defects and the local structure in natural and synthetic alunite (K, Na, H₃O)Al₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ by multi-nuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopy[J].American Mineralogist, 2007, 92(4):587-597. doi: 10.2138/am.2007.2414 CrossRef Google Scholar
[14]	辛秀, 王翠芝.福建紫金山金铜矿明矾石的流体包裹体特征[J].现代地质, 2014, 28(1):42-50. Google Scholar Xin X, Wang C Z.Fluid inclusion characteristics of alunite in Zijinshan gold-copper deposit, Fujian Province[J].Geoscience, 2014, 28(1):42-50. Google Scholar
[15]	Bishop J L, Murad E.The visible and infrared spectral properties of jarosite and alunite[J].American Mineralogist, 2005, 90(7):1100-1107. doi: 10.2138/am.2005.1700 CrossRef Google Scholar
[16]	王翠芝, 张文媛.紫金山金铜矿明矾石的红外光谱及XRD特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2013, 33(7):1969-1972. Google Scholar Wang C Z, Zhang W Y.Infrared spectra and XRD characteristics of alunite in the Zijinshan gold-copper deposit[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2013, 33(7):1969-1972. Google Scholar
[17]	戴慧, 张青, 蒋小平, 等.昌化明矾石石英地鸡血石的宝石矿物学特征[J].宝石和宝石学杂志, 2011, 13(2):27-30. Google Scholar Dai H, Zhang Q, Jiang X P, et al.Gemmological and mineralogical characteristics of chicken-blood stone of alunite and quartz "Di" from Changhua[J].Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 2011, 13(2):27-30. Google Scholar
[18]	韩孝朕, 郭正也, 康燕, 等.拉曼光谱在鸡血石鉴定中的应用[J].光学学报, 2016, 35(1):438-445. Google Scholar Han X Z, Guo Z Y, Kang Y, et al.Application of Raman spectroscopy in certification of chicken-blood stones[J].Acta Optica Sinica, 2016, 35(1):438-445. Google Scholar
[19]	孙丽华, 孙淼.两种与绿松石"菜籽黄"品种相似玉石的鉴定特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2016, 35(增刊1):61-66. Google Scholar Sun L H, Sun M.Identification of two kinds of jade similar to turquoise "Rapeseed Yellow" varieties[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2016, 35(Supplement 1):61-66. Google Scholar
[20]	陈全莉, 刘衔宇, 金文靖, 等.白-黄色系绿松石"伴生矿"的红外光谱表征及其意义[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2018, 38(10):102-107. Google Scholar Chen Q L, Liu X Y, Jin W J, et al.A study on IR absorption spectroscopy and XRD characteristics of white and yellow natural turquoise associated minerals[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2018, 38(10):102-107. Google Scholar
[21]	卢琪, 吴瑞华.昌化田黄鸡血石的矿物学特征研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2010, 29(增刊1):56-61. Google Scholar Lu Q, Wu R H.A mineralogical study of Changhua Tianhuang chicken-blood stone[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2010, 29(Supplement 1):56-61. Google Scholar
[22]	彭玉旋.红外光谱在几种相似硫酸盐矿物判别中的应用[J].新疆地质, 2015, 33(1):130-133. Google Scholar Peng Y X.The application of distinguishing several similar sulfate minerals with infrared spectra[J].Xinjiang Geology, 2015, 33(1):130-133. Google Scholar
[23]	李建军, 刘晓伟, 王岳, 等.不同结晶程度SiO₂的红外光谱特征及其意义[J].红外, 2010, 31(12):31-35. Google Scholar Li J J, Liu X W, Wang Y, et al.Infrared spectral features of SiO₂ with different crystallinity and their implications[J].Infrared, 2010, 31(12):31-35. Google Scholar
[24]	周丹怡, 陈华, 陆太进, 等.基于拉曼光谱-红外光谱-X射线衍射技术研究斜硅石的相对含量与石英质玉石结晶度的关系[J].岩矿测试, 2015, 34(6):652-658. Google Scholar Zhou D Y, Chen H, Lu T J, et al.Study on the relationship between the relative content of moganite and the crystallinity of quartzite jade by Raman scattering spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2015, 34(6):652-658. Google Scholar
[25]	张妮, 林春明.X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定、合成及晶体结构研究进展[J].岩矿测试, 2016, 35(3):217-228. Google Scholar Zhang N, Lin C M.Review on the application of X-ray diffraction in gem identification, synthesis and crystal structure research[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(3):217-228. Google Scholar
[26]	Murphy P J, Smith A M L, Hudson-Edwards K A, et al.Raman and IR spectroscopic studies of alunite-supergroup compounds containing Al, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and V³⁺ at the B site[J].The Canadian Mineralogist, 2009, 47(3):663-681. doi: 10.3749/canmin.47.3.663 CrossRef Google Scholar
[27]	Lane M D.Mid-infrared emission spectro-scopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals[J].American Mineralogist, 2007, 92(1):1-18. Google Scholar
[28]	农佩臻, 周征宇, 赖萌, 等.甘肃马衔山软玉的宝石矿物学特征[J].矿物学报, 2019, 39(3):327-333. Google Scholar Nong P Z, Zhou Z Y, Lai M, et al.Gemological and mineralogical characteristics of nephrite from the Maxianshan area in Gansu Province, China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2019, 39(3):327-333. Google Scholar
[29]	Yin Z W, Jiang C, Santosh M, et al.Nephrite jade from Guangxi Province, China[J].Gems & Gemology, 2014, 50(3):228-235. Google Scholar
[30]	汤超, 廖宗廷, 钟倩, 等.新疆软玉仔料中黑色树枝状物质的拉曼光谱和显微结构特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2017, 37(2):456-460. Google Scholar Tang C, Liao Z T, Zhong Q, et al.Raman spectra and microstructure characteristics of dendrite in Xingjiang nephrite gravel[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2017, 37(2):456-460. Google Scholar
[31]	韩文, 洪汉烈, 吴钰, 等.和田玉糖玉的致色机理研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2013, 33(6):1446-1450. Google Scholar Han W, Hong H L, Wu Y, et al.Color genesis of brown jade from Hetian nephrite[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2013, 33(6):1446-1450. Google Scholar
[32]	宋彦军, 王礼胜, 刘斯明.泰山产红褐色玉石的矿物学特征及其致色机理研究[J].硅酸盐通报, 2014, 33(1):74-78. Google Scholar Song Y J, Wang L S, Liu S M.Mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism research of reddish brown "Taishan" jade[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2014, 33(1):74-78. Google Scholar
[33]	李欣桐, 先怡衡, 樊静怡, 等.应用扫描电镜-X射线衍射-电子探针技术研究河南淅川绿松石矿物学特征[J].岩矿测试, 2019, 38(4):373-381. Google Scholar Li X T, Xian Y H, Fan J Y, et al.Application of EMPA-XRD-SEM to study the mineralogical characteristics of turquoise from Xichuan, Henan Province[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2019, 38(4):373-381. Google Scholar
[34]	张勇, 周丹怡, 陈华, 等.应用同步辐射技术解析黄色-红色石英质玉石中的致色矿物[J].岩矿测试, 2016, 35(5):513-520. Google Scholar Zhang Y, Zhou D Y, Chen H, et al.Investigation of color causing minerals in yellow-red colored quartzite jade using the synchrotron radiation technique[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(5):513-520. Google Scholar
[35]	张敏, 聂爱国, 张竹如.贵州晴隆沙子锐钛矿矿床与黔西南红土型金矿床的成矿差异性[J].地质科技情报, 2016, 35(5):126-130. Google Scholar Zhang M, Nie A G, Zhang Z R.Metallogenic difference between Qinglong Shazi anatase deposits and lateritic gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou Province[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2016, 35(5):126-130. Google Scholar
[36]	徐文静, 陈涛, 姚春茂.老挝田黄石的宝石学与矿物学特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2016, 35(2):147-158. Google Scholar Xu W J, Chen T, Yao C M.Gemological and mineralogical characteristics of Laos Tianhuang stone[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2016, 35(2):147-158. Google Scholar
[37]	罗远飞, 余晓艳, 周越刚, 等.陕西洛南绿松石的结构构造特征研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2017, 36(1):115-123. Google Scholar Luo Y F, Yu X Y, Zhou Y G, et al.A study of texture and structure of turquoise from Luonan, Shaanxi Province[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2017, 36(1):115-123. Google Scholar
[38]	于海燕, 阮青锋, 沙鑫, 等.应用元素分析-电子顺磁共振能谱研究不同颜色青海软玉致色元素[J].岩矿测试, 2019, 38(3):288-296. Google Scholar Yu H Y, Ruan Q F, Sha X, et al.Study on color-causing elements in Qinghai nephrite by elemental analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2019, 38(3):288-296. Google Scholar
[39]	周征宇, 陈琼, 姚春茂, 等.三种绿色印章石的宝石矿物学特征[J].宝石和宝石学杂志, 2011, 13(3):23-26. Google Scholar Zhou Z Y, Chen Q, Yao C M, et al.Gemmological and mineralogical characteristics of three green seal stones[J].Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 2011, 13(3):23-26. Google Scholar
[40]	魏中枢, 狄敬如.云南磷铝石谱学特征研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2018, 37(1):169-174. Google Scholar Wei Z S, Di J R.Spectroscopic characteristics of natural variscite from Yunnan[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2018, 37(1):169-174. Google Scholar
[41]	周彦, 亓利剑, 戴慧, 等.安徽马鞍山磷铝石宝石矿物学特征研究[J].岩矿测试, 2014, 33(5):690-697. Google Scholar Zhou Y, Qi L J, Dai H, et al.The gemological and mineral characteristics of variscite from Ma'anshan of Anhui Province[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2014, 33(5):690-697. Google Scholar
[42]	刘玲.中国绿松石颜色的成因、影响因素及分级研究[D].北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2018. Google Scholar Liu L.Study on origin, factors and grading of the color of turquoise from China[D].Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2018. Google Scholar
[43]	王翠芝, 阙洪华.紫金山金铜矿明矾石的矿物学特征[J].矿物学报, 2013, 33(3):329-336. Google Scholar Wang C Z, Que H H.Mineralogical characteristics of alunite from Zijinshan gold-copper deposit[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2013, 33(3):329-336. Google Scholar
[44]	王慧, 梁榕, 兰延, 等.澳大利亚孟席斯祖母绿的光谱学特征[J].矿物学报, 2019, 39(6):657-663. Google Scholar Wang H, Liang R, Lan Y, et al.Study on the spectral characteristics of the Menzies emerald from Australia[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2019, 39(6):657-663. Google Scholar
[45]	Shen C, Lu R.The color origin of gem diaspore:Corre-lation to corundum[J].Gems & Gemology, 2018, 54(4):394-403. Google Scholar
[46]	王庆楠, 狄敬如, 何翀, 等.墨西哥Sonora(索诺拉州)锌绿松石的矿物学及谱学特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2019, 39(7):2059-2066. Google Scholar Wang Q N, Di J R, He C, et al.Mineralogical and spectral characteristics of faustite from Sonora, Mexico[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2019, 39(7):2059-2066. Google Scholar
[47]	张勇, 魏然, 柯捷, 等.黄色和红色石英质玉石的颜色成因研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2016, 35(1):139-146. Google Scholar Zhang Y, Wei R, Ke J, et al.Coloration of yellow and red colored quartzite jade[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2016, 35(1):139-146. Google Scholar
[48]	Scheinost A C, Chavernas A, Barron V, et al.Use and limitations of second-derivative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the visible to near-infrared range to identify and quantify Fe oxide minerals in soils[J].Clays and Clay Minerals, 1998, 46(5):528-536. doi: 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460506 CrossRef Google Scholar