| Citation: |
FENG Jiaxing, MENG Qi, WANG Xi. 2023. Characteristics and Causes of Groundwater Environment Changes in the Middle Reaches of the Mainstream of the Heihe River in Recent 40 Years. Northwestern Geology, 56(4): 243-253. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023045
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Characteristics and Causes of Groundwater Environment Changes in the Middle Reaches of the Mainstream of the Heihe River in Recent 40 Years
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Abstract
The long–term monitoring results have shown significant changes in the groundwater environment in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in Zhangye area since the 1980s. Time series analysis, correlation analysis and remote sensing interpretation were applied to analyze the evolution of groundwater level, groundwater hydrochemistry, mountain runoff of Heihe river, meteorological elements, and oasis area in this area in recent 40 years, and to identify the response of groundwater environment to climate change and human activities. The results demonstrate that groundwater level changes in the central part of the study area are significantly correlated with the runoff from the mountain, and poorly correlated with the precipitation in Zhangye area. Climate change affects the groundwater level in the central part of the study area by affecting the runoff in the upper reaches of Heihe river. Rainfall change in the study area has a weak impact on the groundwater level. The change of groundwater level in the west and east of the study area is significantly affected by human activities. Affected by the continuous increase of surplus water, the groundwater level in the eastern pre–mountain area has risen significantly in recent years, while the groundwater level in the well irrigation area from Minghua township to Camel City in the west is still in a state of continuous decline due to the massive exploitation of groundwater. The groundwater chemical characteristics in a certain range on both sides of the river in the southern pre–mountain area have remained stable for many years, while significant changes have been observed in other areas.
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Keywords:
- climate change /
- human activities /
- groundwater environment /
- groundwater level
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References
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FENG Jiaxing, MENG Qi, WANG Xi. 2023. Characteristics and Causes of Groundwater Environment Changes in the Middle Reaches of the Mainstream of the Heihe River in Recent 40 Years. Northwestern Geology, 56(4): 243-253. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023045
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Figure 1.
(a) The location of the study area in Heihe river basin and (b) scope map of study area
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Figure 2.
Variation curves of annual temperature and rainfall of Zhangye station from 1953 to 2016
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Figure 3.
M–K statistic curve of annual average temperature in Zhangye station from 1953 to 2016
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Figure 4.
Multi–year trend line of mountain runoff from the main stream of the Heihe river
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Figure 5.
Expansion map of artificial oases in the study area from 1990 to 2014
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Figure 6.
Groundwater level variation map of the study area from 1985 to 2001
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Figure 7.
Groundwater level variation map of the study area from 2001 to 2018
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Figure 8.
Groundwater level change curve of observation hole Electric 5
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Figure 9.
Groundwater level change curve of observation hole No. 65
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Figure 10.
Groundwater level change curve of observation hole No. 11
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Figure 11.
The phreatic water chemical types of the study area in 1985
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Figure 12.
The phreatic water chemical types of the study area in 2016
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Figure 13.
Change curves of diving distribution area of different hydrochemical types
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Figure 14.
TDS value variation curve of typical pressurized water monitoring wells in the fine soil plain areain the northern part of the study area
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Figure 15.
The trend line of river discarded water and groundwater level in front of mountains in Minle County