| Citation: |
WANG Sheng, JIANG Yingde, SUN Min, KAREL Schulmann, YUAN Chao. 2024. Crustal reworking and maturation in the Chinese Altai orogenic belt: Insights from magmatism, deformation and metamorphism. Geological Bulletin of China, 43(12): 2162-2180. doi: 10.12097/gbc.2024.07.070
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Crustal reworking and maturation in the Chinese Altai orogenic belt: Insights from magmatism, deformation and metamorphism
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Abstract
Giant accretionary complexes form at active margins by scraping off oceanic sediments from the subducting plate. Whether or not those compositionally complicated accretionary complexes would be ultimately transformed into mature continent crust remains an unsolved question that calls for further investigation. The Chinese Altai section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the largest accretionary orogenic belt on the earth, preserves complicated tectono−thermal geological records and is characterized by formation of mature continental crust, making it a natural laboratory for studying the reworking of accretionary complexes and their evolution into mature continental crust. This paper focuses on the main orogenic period (Silurian−Devonian) of the Chinese Altai and systematically summarizes its recent research progresses in terms of metamorphism−deformation, anatexis, and granitization. ① The Ordovician accretionary complex underwent multiple−stage deformation involving compression−extension−compression during the Silurian−Devonian period, accompanied by intense metamorphism and widespread anatexis during the extensional deformation stage; ② The Ordovician accretionary complexes and most Silurian−Devonian granites in the region exhibited significant similarities in their geochemical characteristics. More importantly, the chemical compositions of Silurian−Devonian granites resemble those of the modelled partial melts of the accretionary complex under regional anatexis P−T conditions. ③ Regional deformation processes facilitated crustal differentiation and the formation of mature continental crust. Together with regional available data, this contribution proposes that the intense crustal reworking during the Silurian−Devonian of the Chinese Altai Orogenic Belt was related to changes in the dynamics of the related supra−subduction system. The cyclic switching between subduction advance and retreat in accretionary orogenic belts could lead to changes of regional stress field and provide anomalous heat source for crustal anatexis, thus control the processes of crustal anatexis and mass redistribution. In these regards, anatexis of accretionary complexes, plays a pivotal role on transformation of active continental margin sediments into compositionally differentiated mature continental crust. This may be a key mechanism contributing to the peripheral continental growth in accretionary orogenic belts in general.
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References
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WANG Sheng, JIANG Yingde, SUN Min, KAREL Schulmann, YUAN Chao. 2024. Crustal reworking and maturation in the Chinese Altai orogenic belt: Insights from magmatism, deformation and metamorphism. Geological Bulletin of China, 43(12): 2162-2180. doi: 10.12097/gbc.2024.07.070
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Figure 1.
Outline of the CAOB (a) and simplified geological maps of the western Mongolian (b), and the Chinese Altai (c)
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Figure 2.
Silurian-Devonian tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Chinese Altai orogenic belt
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Figure 3.
Geochemical characteristics of the Silurian-Devonian granites in the Chinese Altai
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Figure 4.
Nd isotopic diagrams (a) and two stage Nd model ages (b) for Silurian-Devonian granitoids and the Habahe Group metasedimentary rocks in the Chinese Altai
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Figure 5.
Geochemical projection for partial melts modelled from Habahe Group metasedimentary rocks and granitoids of the Chinese Altai are shown for comparison
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Figure 6.
Representative structures of metatexite
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Figure 7.
Representative structures of diatexite
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Figure 8.
Representative structures of granites
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Figure 9.
Interpretative spatial evolution of the migmatite-granite domes in the Chinese Altai, showing horizontal-vertical flow of Devonian anatectic crust in association with regional deformation
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Figure 10.
A representative field photo showing migration of partial melts in sub-vertical funneling networks, in which the surrounding rocks were disassembled and rotated
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Figure 11.
Tectonic models of the tectono-thermal evolution and alternating advance-retreat of the subduction system in the Altai accretionary wedge