Progress in geophysical exploration of groundwater and its technical innovation

WANG Yafei; XUE Guoqiang; HAN Jiangtao; LUO Xianzhong; WANG Bangbing; GE Can; XU Hao; GUAN Houchun; WANG Qingsong; ZHANG Kai; WANG Chao; ZHANG Xiaorong; TAO Wei; ZHANG Jinzhe; LIU Xianghong

doi:10.12029/gc20240610001

2025 Vol. 52, No. 4

Article Contents

Article navigation > Geology in China > 2025 > 52(4): 1325-1351

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WANG Yafei, XUE Guoqiang, HAN Jiangtao, LUO Xianzhong, WANG Bangbing, GE Can, XU Hao, GUAN Houchun, WANG Qingsong, ZHANG Kai, WANG Chao, ZHANG Xiaorong, TAO Wei, ZHANG Jinzhe, LIU Xianghong. 2025. Progress in geophysical exploration of groundwater and its technical innovation[J]. Geology in China, 52(4): 1325-1351. doi: 10.12029/gc20240610001

Citation:

WANG Yafei, XUE Guoqiang, HAN Jiangtao, LUO Xianzhong, WANG Bangbing, GE Can, XU Hao, GUAN Houchun, WANG Qingsong, ZHANG Kai, WANG Chao, ZHANG Xiaorong, TAO Wei, ZHANG Jinzhe, LIU Xianghong. 2025. Progress in geophysical exploration of groundwater and its technical innovation[J]. Geology in China, 52(4): 1325-1351. doi: 10.12029/gc20240610001

Progress in geophysical exploration of groundwater and its technical innovation

1.
Geological Survey of Anhui Province (Anhui Institute of Geological Sciences), Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
2.
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
3.
College of Geoexploration science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, Jilin, China
4.
Development and Research Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
5.
School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
6.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
7.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
8.
Anhui Engineering Research Center for Shallow Surface Geophysical Prospecting, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
9.
Anhui Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Prospecting Techniques, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
10.
Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Deep Resource Exploration in Covered Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
11.
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrical Prospecting, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
12.
Geological Exploration Technology Institute of Anhui Province Energy Exploration Center, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
13.
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
14.
School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234099, Anhui, China

Fund Project: Supported by Anhui Province Natural Resources Science and Technology Project (No.2022-K-14) and Anhui Province Public Welfare Geological Work Project (No.2024-g-1-10, No.2023-g-1-19, No.2023-g-1-17).

More Information

Author Bio: WANG Yafei, female, born in 1987, senior engineer, engaged in comprehensive geological survey and research of natural resources; E-mail: ahddywyf@163.com
Corresponding author: WANG Qingsong, male, born in 1959, professor lever senior engineer, engaged in the research of geophysical exploration; E-mail: wqs5936@163.com.

Received Date: 10 June 2024

Revised Date: 15 August 2024

Publish Date: 25 July 2025

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
Objectives
Groundwater resources is an important part of China's water resources, especially in arid and semi−arid areas. Thus, water prospecting and well drilling become a critical public welfare policy to solve the drinking water problem for humans and livestock. This study aims to summarize geophysical methods for water prospecting and propose possible pathways to improve the efficiency and success rate of finding water, thereby guiding the future exploration and evaluation of groundwater resources.
Methods
Based on geophysical theories, this study systematically reviews basic principles and a series of case studies related to five geophysical methods for groundwater exploration under various hydrological and geological conditions: direct current electrical method, electromagnetic method, radiometric method, seismic wave method, and nuclear magnetic resonance method. Then, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of these geophysical methods for water exploration and figure out their applicable conditions. Finally, we propose effective methods for water detection under various geological settings.
Results
This study proposes a basic approach to prospect groundwater using geophysical techniques. Moreover, we summarize effective methods for five typical geological environments: Karst, granite, sedimentary clastic rock, semi−consolidated red bed, and Quaternary loose layers. The summary will provide useful guides for the geological survey of groundwater resources across the nation.
Conclusions
Geophysical methods for water prospecting should be carefully selected based on the hydrogeological characteristics of the exploration site. Based on our literature review, resistivity, induced polarization with multiple parameters, and seismic exploration are effective methods for groundwater exploration, while gravity, magnetic, and radiometric methods can serve as useful supplements. Integrated application of multiple geophysical methods can effectively improve the success rate of groundwater prospecting. Moreover, the lateral electrical resistivity method has large potentials in future evaluation of groundwater resource. However, we still call for continuous innovation in geophysical techniques for groundwater exploration given the needs in complex topographical and geological conditions such as mountainous areas, urban areas, and areas with thick coverage. In this regard, rapidly developing technologies like multi-parameter semi-airborne electromagnetic methods and ground holographic electromagnetic methods represent new directions for future water prospecting research.
- groundwater resource exploration /
- geological survey engineering /
- geophysical methods /
- basic ideas for water prospecting /
- application cases

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References

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