Reviews on apatite and its application in the field of ore deposit geology

LI Jiang; MA Zhenbo; YANG Yan; HUANG Jianhan; ZHANG Rongzhen; HAN Jiangwei

doi:10.12029/gc20240313001

2025 Vol. 52, No. 2

Article Contents

Article navigation > Geology in China > 2025 > 52(2): 574-596

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LI Jiang, MA Zhenbo, YANG Yan, HUANG Jianhan, ZHANG Rongzhen, HAN Jiangwei. 2025. Reviews on apatite and its application in the field of ore deposit geology[J]. Geology in China, 52(2): 574-596. doi: 10.12029/gc20240313001

Citation:

LI Jiang, MA Zhenbo, YANG Yan, HUANG Jianhan, ZHANG Rongzhen, HAN Jiangwei. 2025. Reviews on apatite and its application in the field of ore deposit geology[J]. Geology in China, 52(2): 574-596. doi: 10.12029/gc20240313001

Reviews on apatite and its application in the field of ore deposit geology

1.
Henan Academy of Geology, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
2.
Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
3.
Technical Guidance Center for Mineral Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100037, China
4.
North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China

Fund Project: Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.41702098, No.41902079).

More Information

Author Bio: LI Jiang, male, born in 1989, doctor, engineer, mainly engaged in the mineral exploration and regional metallogenic research; E−mail: lijiang@cug.edu.cn
Corresponding author: HUANG Jianhan, born in 1990, doctor, lecturer, mainly engaged in the deposit geology and mineral chemistry; E−mail: huangjianhan@ncwu.edu.cn.

Received Date: 13 March 2024

Revised Date: 06 July 2024

Publish Date: 25 March 2025

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective
Apatite is a mineral commonly present in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Its crystal structure can host various elements such as Sr, Mn, REEs, U, Th, F, Cl, and others. Apatite's chemical composition is dictated by magma and hydrothermal processes, which makes it a subject of interest for many researchers.
Methods
This paper reviews common methods and the latest research achievements of apatite in mineralogy, isotope chronology, deposit geochemistry, artificial intelligence, and exploration indication.
Results
Elemental (e.g., Sr, Y, and REEs) and Sr−Nd isotopic compositions of magmatic apatite can help identify the source of its parental magma. Elements such as Ce, Eu, Ga, and Mn can indicate the oxidation state of the magma, while F and Cl can be used to estimate the volatile content of the melt. The U−Pb isotope system of apatite can record the crystallization age of its host rock. Low−temperature thermochronology is often used to study the degree of denudation after ore deposit formation. Hydrothermal apatite's structure and composition bear information about the fluid, which can indicate the fluid source, properties, and other information related to magmatic−hydrothermal mineralization processes. Artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning can process massive amounts of apatite data to discriminate rock types and deposit types.
Conclusions
Apatite is a mineral that is crucial for studying mineral deposits and exploring ore deposits. Future researches should focus on the relationship between hydrothermal apatite and the metallogenic process. Additionally, combining artificial intelligence with apatite analyses to trace the diagenetic and metallogenic process is a promising avenue for further study.
- apatite /
- geochemical /
- chronology /
- indicator minerals /
- mineral exploration engineering

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References

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