Distribution and sources of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Xiamen Bay, Fujian Province and its effects on ecological environment

LIU Chunlei; CAO Shengwei; LI Yasong; ZHANG Yuanjing; LI Jianfeng; LI Jing; HONG Bingyi

doi:10.12029/gc20230214002

2025 Vol. 52, No. 1

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Article navigation > Geology in China > 2025 > 52(1): 232-245

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LIU Chunlei, CAO Shengwei, LI Yasong, ZHANG Yuanjing, LI Jianfeng, LI Jing, HONG Bingyi. 2025. Distribution and sources of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Xiamen Bay, Fujian Province and its effects on ecological environment[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 232-245. doi: 10.12029/gc20230214002

Citation:

LIU Chunlei, CAO Shengwei, LI Yasong, ZHANG Yuanjing, LI Jianfeng, LI Jing, HONG Bingyi. 2025. Distribution and sources of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Xiamen Bay, Fujian Province and its effects on ecological environment[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 232-245. doi: 10.12029/gc20230214002

Distribution and sources of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Xiamen Bay, Fujian Province and its effects on ecological environment

1.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
2.
The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Shijiazhuang 050061, Hebei, China
3.
Faculty of Environment, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
4.
Southeastern Fujian Geological Brigade, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China

Fund Project: Supported by the projects of China Geological Survey (No. DD20221773), National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFF1301301) and Basic Research Operating Expenses Program (No. SK202315).

More Information

Author Bio: LIU Chunlei, male, born in 1984, associate researcher, mainly engaged in hydrogeology and coastal zone geology research; E-mail: chunleiliu-dn@163.com
Corresponding author: CAO Shengwei, male, born in 1993, assistant research fellow, engaged in coastal environment and hydrogeochemistry; E-mail: caoshengwei_hei@163.com.

Received Date: 14 February 2023

Revised Date: 09 November 2023

Publish Date: 25 January 2025

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of marine geological survey engineering.
Objective
The heavy metal contents in the Xiamen Bay have been greatly changed due to the ecological management in the bay and the port construction in Xiamen City. Identifying the distributions, evolution, and sources of heavy metals in the bay is significant for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, as well as ecological risk management.
Methods
This study determined the contents of seven heavy metals in 87 surface samples from bottom sediments in the Xiamen Bay and the Jiulong River estuary, investigated the distributions and the degrees of enrichment of these heavy metals, and quantitatively analyzed the primary sources of these heavy metals using factor analysis and principal component analysis.
Results
The western Xiamen Bay displays the highest average mass contents of heavy metals Cu (26.37 mg/kg), Zn (122.58 mg/kg), and Cr (57.25 mg/kg). In contrast, the Jiulong River estuary exhibits the highest contents of Pb (48.03 mg/kg), Cd (0.25 mg/kg), Hg (0.085 mg/kg), and As (9.35 mg/kg). Cu in the western Xiamen Bay exhibits the highest over−limit ratio of up to 25%, followed by Zn (20.69%) in the Jiulong River. In the Xiamen Bay, the enrichment coefficients of heavy metals decrease in the order of Cu (1.01), Cr (0.99), Cd (0.70), Zn (0.64), Pb (0.63), As (0.48), Hg (0.33), indicating that Cu is moderately enriched, Cr approximate to their background values, and Hg is severely enriched.
Conclusions
The potential sources of the seven heavy metals in the Xiamen Bay include mine smelting, the weathering of natural parent rocks, the discharge of agricultural and domestic sewage, and fossil fuel combustion, which account for 36.16%, 22.03%, 21.98%, and 19.83%, respectively. Among these heavy metals, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Cr originate primarily from mine smelting, As from fuel combustion (85.76%) and agricultural non−point source pollution (14.16%), and Pb and Hg principally from the weathering of parent rocks. Zones with moderate and high ecological risks induced by heavy metals in sediments are concentrated in the Jiulong River estuary and the Xiamen Harbor.
- heavy metal /
- bottom sediments /
- positive matrix factorization /
- coastal zone /
- marine geological survey engineering /
- Xiamen Bay /
- Fujian Province

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