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ZHAO Liangjie, WANG Ying, LUAN Song, YANG Yang, WU Shucheng, WANG Zhe, LI Lujuan. 2025. Evolution of water resources and changes of ecological environment pattern in Guangdong−Hong Kong−Macao Greater Bay Area in the past 40 years[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 215-231. doi: 10.12029/gc20231108001
Citation: ZHAO Liangjie, WANG Ying, LUAN Song, YANG Yang, WU Shucheng, WANG Zhe, LI Lujuan. 2025. Evolution of water resources and changes of ecological environment pattern in Guangdong−Hong Kong−Macao Greater Bay Area in the past 40 years[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 215-231. doi: 10.12029/gc20231108001
shu

Evolution of water resources and changes of ecological environment pattern in Guangdong−Hong Kong−Macao Greater Bay Area in the past 40 years

  • 1.

    Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Nature Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics/UNESCO International Center for Karst Studies, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China

  • 2.

    National Field Scientific Observatory for Karst Ecosystems, Baise 531406, Guangxi, China

  • 3.

    Guangdong Provincial Geological environment monitoring Station, Guangzhou 510510, Guangdong, China

  • 4.

    Guilin Hydrology Center, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China

    • Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China (No.42102296), National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2023YFB3907703), Guangdong Province Water Resources Survey, Monitoring and Evaluation and Guangxi Key Research and Development Program (No. Gui Ke AB21220044).
More Information
  • Author Bio: ZHAO Liangjie, male, born in 1986, associate researcher, engaged in water cycle and water resources evaluation; E-mail: zhaoliangjie@mail.cgs.gov.cn
  • Corresponding authors: WANG Ying, female, born in 1985, senior engineer, engaged in groundwater investigation, monitoring and evaluation; E-mail: wymail5@163.com;  YANG Yang, female, born in 1988, senior engineer, engaged in karst water resources investigation, monitoring and evaluation; E-mail: yangyang_a@mail.cgs.gov.cn. 
Received Date:  08 November 2023
Revised Date:  15 February 2024
Publish Date:  25 January 2025
    Abstract

  • This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.

    Objective

    Due to the dual impacts of climate change and human activities, there is an urgent need to deepen the understanding of the evolution of water resources in the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, with a view to providing a scientific basis and decision−making support for the realization of the sustainable management of regional water resources.

    Methods

    This paper employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, leveraging in−depth analysis of historical literature alongside multi−source water resource monitoring data to comprehensively examine changes in hydrology, precipitation, land cover, and other environmental factors related to water resources in the Greater Bay Area over the past 40 years (1980–2020). It also explores the regional patterns of differentiation in these changes.

    Results

    Our findings reveal a general water resource distribution trend of "abundance in the west and north, scarcity in the east and south," with an average temperature of 22.2℃ and annual precipitation of 2022.1 mm from 1980 to 2022. The study observes a major cyclical change every 4.1 years. The average runoff of the Xijiang, Beijiang, and Dongjiang Rivers is quantified, alongside the variation in runoff coefficients, reflecting a warm and humid climatic trend. Concurrently, the total volume of water bodies exhibits a declining trajectory, while vegetation cover overall shows an increase but with local degradation.

    Conclusions

    The study identifies 41 potential emergency backup water sources, with a sustainable extraction capacity of 2342600 m3/day.It highlights the ongoing mismatch between water resources and economic development in the Greater Bay Area, the reduction of water ecosystem service functions, the spatial and temporal imbalances in water resource distribution, and the region's over−reliance on a predominantly surface water−based supply structure.
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