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ZHAO Guangshuai, SU Chuntian, HUANG Qibo, ZHU Yinian, YANG Yang, LUO Fei, LI Xiaopan. 2024. Mineral saturation index characteristics, sources of Sr2+, SO42− and development potential of strontium−rich karst water in Xintian County, Hunan Province[J]. Geology in China, 51(3): 1046-1058. doi: 10.12029/gc20211224002
Citation: ZHAO Guangshuai, SU Chuntian, HUANG Qibo, ZHU Yinian, YANG Yang, LUO Fei, LI Xiaopan. 2024. Mineral saturation index characteristics, sources of Sr2+, SO42− and development potential of strontium−rich karst water in Xintian County, Hunan Province[J]. Geology in China, 51(3): 1046-1058. doi: 10.12029/gc20211224002
shu

Mineral saturation index characteristics, sources of Sr2+, SO42− and development potential of strontium−rich karst water in Xintian County, Hunan Province

  • 1.

    College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China

  • 3.

    Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China

  • 4.

    International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China

  • 5.

    Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo 531406, Guangxi, China

  • 6.

    China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

    • Fund Project: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42372294) and the project of China Geological Survey (No.DD20221758).
More Information
  • Author Bio: ZHAO Guangshuai, male, born in 1989, doctor candidate, assistant researcher, mainly engaged in geochemistry and karst carbon cycle; E-mail: zhaoguangshuai@mail.cgs.gov.cn
  • Corresponding author: HUANG Qibo, male, born in 1982, researcher, mainly engaged in the study of karst hydrogeology, karst carbon cycle and global change; E-mail: qbohuang0108@163.com. 
Received Date:  24 December 2021
Revised Date:  19 March 2022
Publish Date:  25 May 2024
    Abstract

  • This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.

    Objective

    There is limited research on the sources of strontium elementand the potential for the development and utilization of karst water in the large−scale strontium rich mineral water field in Xintian County, Hunan Province. Exploring the hydrochemical characteristics of strontium−rich karst water and the sources of strontium element can provide theoretical support for searching for strontium rich groundwater in karst areas.

    Methods

    PHREEQC software, water stoichiometry, end element method and hydrogeological parameters were used in this study to reveal the mineral saturation index characteristicsof strontium−rich karst water, as well as the sources of Sr2+ and SO42− and its development potential through the hydrogeological investigation and hydrochemical testson groundwater in this strontium−rich mineral water field.

    Results

    Calcite is mainly saturated both in the springs and shafts, while dolomite changes from unsaturated in the springs to saturate in the shafts. Strontium is saturated in the shafts, and gypsum is unsaturated both in the springs and the shafts. In the springs, mineral saturation index increases with the total dissolved solids, and they areof a good positive correlation, but of a poor correlation in the shafts. The correlation of SO42− betweenthe springs and shaftsare positive. According to the stoichiometric relation of Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, HCO3− and SO42−, SO42− in the shafts may come from gypsum dissolution. The Sr2+ in the springsare mainly derived from strontium which replaces calcium with isomorphism in limestone, while Sr2+ in the shafts probably come from strontium siderite in the aquifer. 85.2% of the groundwatersamplings in the research area meet the national standard for drinking water quality, and the excess water samplings are mostly single indicator exceeding the standard. Through calculation, the natural recharge resources, exploitable resources and groundwater resource potential of strontium−rich groundwater in dry years are 3.83×107 m3/a、1.05×107 m3/a、7.28×106 m3/a respectively.

    Conclusions

    Strontium in the strontium−rich groundwater in Xintian County is mainly derived from the dissolution of strontium−containing minerals in Shetianqiao Formation strata of Devonian. Those minerals, including strontianite, were form by isomorphicly substitute of calcium with strontium. The amount and resource potential of strontium−rich groundwater are considerable, with a great value for development and utilization.
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