| Qingdao Institute of marine geology, China Geological Survey | Host |
| Citation: |
ZHANG Feipeng, CHEN Xingpeng, WU Jiapeng, LUO Rong, LI Huishen, ZHANG Wenting. Structural characteristics and physical simulation of X-shaped normal faults[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2022, 38(9): 48-58. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.158
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Structural characteristics and physical simulation of X-shaped normal faults
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Abstract
The X-shaped normal fault is a common extensional tectonic fracture. However, its geometric characteristics, formation process, and genetic mechanism are lack of systematic research. Based on fine interpretation of seismic data and physical modelling, the geometric characteristics are clarified, the formation process is reconstructed, the formation mechanism is confirmed, and the reservoir control effect is discussed. The research result indicates that the X-shaped normal fault can be divided into two types: incipient X-shaped normal faults and the inherited X-shaped normal faults. The inherited X-shaped normal faults are formed by the reactivation of basement faults, including two modes of differential extension and bidirectional uniform extension. The incipient X-shaped normal faults are formed under the stress background whose tensile stress vs shear stress ratio is 1:2 ～ 2:1. In addition, the inherited X-shaped normal faults have advantages of good oil and gas migration and reservoir reconstruction. Meanwhile, they form various traps and feature “multi-storey”-styled oil-gas accumulation. This research provided a reference for hydrocarbon exploration in Bohai Bay basin, enriched the theoretical understanding of the structural patterns with a geological cue for fine structural interpretation of similar cases.
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References
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ZHANG Feipeng, CHEN Xingpeng, WU Jiapeng, LUO Rong, LI Huishen, ZHANG Wenting. Structural characteristics and physical simulation of X-shaped normal faults[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2022, 38(9): 48-58. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.158
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Figure 1.
Location of the Shijiutuo area
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Figure 2.
Typical profiles of X-shaped normal faults in the Nm Formation （see Fig.1 for location of the profiles）
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Figure 3.
Typical profiles of X-shaped normal faults in the deep strata （see Fig.1 for location of the profiles）
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Figure 4.
Schematic model of the geometric parameters of the X-shaped normal faults
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Figure 5.
Analogue modeling of the inherited X-shaped normal faults[10]
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Figure 6.
The experimental results in Model 1 on bidirectional uniform extension
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Figure 7.
The experimental results in Model 1 on bidirectional non-uniform extension
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Figure 8.
The experimental results in Model 2 on bidirectional uniform extension
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Figure 9.
The experimental results in Model 2 on the non-uniform extension
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Figure 10.
The experimental design and schematic model of the combination of multiple stresses
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Figure 11.
The characteristics of the incipient X-shaped normal faults shown in the experimental profiles
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Figure 12.
Model of development of inherited X-shaped normal faults
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Figure 13.
Model of development of incipient X-shaped normal faults
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Figure 14.
Models of hydrocarbon accumulations related to inherited X-shaped normal faults