| Citation: |
Bo Han, Zhen Ma, Liang-jun Lin, Hong-wei Liu, Yi-hang Gao, Yu-bo Xia, Hai-tao Li, Xu Guo, Feng Ma, Yu-shan Wang, Ya-long Zhou, Hong-qiang Li, 2024. Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area (city of over 5 million people): Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology, China Geology, 7, 382-408. doi: 10.31035/cg2024055
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Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area (city of over 5 million people): Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology
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Abstract
China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017, which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people, aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. From 2017 to 2021, the China Geological Survey (CGS) took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space, resources, environments, and disasters according to the general requirements of “global vision, international standards, distinctive Chinese features, and future-oriented goals” in Xiong’an New Area, identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this area. The achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area, along with “one city proper and five clusters”, insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land, geothermal resources, groundwater, and wetland of the area before engineering construction, a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area, and the “Transparent Xiong’an” geological information platform that is open, shared, dynamically updated, and three-dimensionally visualized. China’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area, providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning, construction, operation and management. The future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science (ESS) from various aspects, and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green, low-carbon, and sustainable development of this area.
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References
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Bo Han, Zhen Ma, Liang-jun Lin, Hong-wei Liu, Yi-hang Gao, Yu-bo Xia, Hai-tao Li, Xu Guo, Feng Ma, Yu-shan Wang, Ya-long Zhou, Hong-qiang Li, 2024. Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area (city of over 5 million people): Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology, China Geology, 7, 382-408. doi: 10.31035/cg2024055
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Figure 1.
Geographic location of Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 2.
Landforms in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 3.
Histogram showing precipitation during 1956‒2019 in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 4.
River system in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 5.
Xiong’an New Area under construction. a, b‒Xiong’an New Area before construction; c‒map of the planning of the urban and rural spatial layout in Xiong’an New Area; d ‒map of the planning of regional rail transit and highways in Xiong’an New Area; e, f‒Xiong’an New Area under construction (taken by Mou Yu,
https://www.sohu.com/na/430127018_ 267106 ); g, h‒city scale of Xiong’an New Area appearing. -
Figure 6.
Technical route of multi-factor urban geological surveys in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 7.
Schematic diagram showing the construction of “Transparent Xiong’an”.
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Figure 8.
Engineering geological survey and utilization of underground space.
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Figure 9.
Standard engineering geological section of Xiong’an New Area (after Han B et al., 2023).
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Figure 10.
3D engineering geological structure model of Xiong’an New Area. a‒geobody; b‒stratigraphic exploded view; c‒tunnel roaming.
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Figure 11.
Distribution of weak soil (a) and liquefied sand (b) under current groundwater levels in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 12.
Assessment results of the corrosivity of groundwater and soils in Xiong’an New Area. a‒corrosivity of groundwater to concrete structures; b‒corrosivity of groundwater on steel bars in reinforced concrete; c‒corrosivity of soil on concrete structures; d‒corrosivity of soil on steel bars in reinforced concrete.
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Figure 13.
Site stability zoning (a), proportions (b) of site stability zones and engineering construction suitability zoning (c) in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 14.
Present situation (a) of land use types in Xiong’an New Area (after the remote sensing data in the 4th quarter of 2020) and Sankey diagram (b) showing changes in the areas (km2) of land use types in Xiong’an New Area during 2017‒2020.
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Figure 15.
Distribution (a) of geothermal fields in Xiong’an New Area (after Wang K et al., 2021) and SINOPEC’s supply (b) of over 7×106 m2 of geothermal heating for Xiong’an New Area (after
https://www.sohu.com/a/302676388_313493 ). -
Figure 16.
Contour maps showing the shallow (a) and deep (b) groundwater levels in Xiong’an New Area in June 2021 (after Ma Z et al., 2021).
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Figure 17.
Scenery of the Baiyangdian wetland. a‒White cranes; b‒Shaochedian; c‒areas of various landscapes.
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Figure 18.
Geochemical evaluation of the comprehensive grades of soil quality in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 19.
Quality assessment maps of shallow (a) and deep (b) groundwater in Xiong’an New Area in 2020 (after Li HT et al., 2021).
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Figure 20.
Comprehensive assessment of the sediment environment quality (a) and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in the periphery (b) of the Baiyangdian area.
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Figure 21.
Distribution of factors of urban geological safety in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 22.
Comprehensive monitoring network of natural resources and environments in Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 23.
3D geological structure model (a) of Xiong’an New Area (burial depth range: 0–10 km) and “Transparent Xiong’an” geological information platform (b).
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Figure 24.
China Geological Survey transferring geological survey data to Xiong’an New Area. a‒transferring geological survey data; b‒geological survey atlas; c‒reports for the master plan of Xiong’an New Area.
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Figure 25.
Technical codes of practice for geothermal resources in Xiong’an New Area. Reports on the ecological conservation and restoration (a, b) and suggestion on ecological desilting (c) in the Baiyangdian area.
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Figure 26.
Construction (a) and completion (b) of layerwise marks for land subsidence in Xiong’an New Area.