| Citation: |
Jia-yun Wang, Zi-long Wu, Xiao-ya Shi, Long-wei Yang, Rui-ping Liu, Na Lu, 2024. Exploring mechanism of hidden, steep obliquely inclined bedding landslides using a 3DEC model: A case study of the Shanyang landslide in Shaanxi Province, China, China Geology, 7, 302-313. doi: 10.31035/cg2024044
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Exploring mechanism of hidden, steep obliquely inclined bedding landslides using a 3DEC model: A case study of the Shanyang landslide in Shaanxi Province, China
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Abstract
Catastrophic geological disasters frequently occur on slopes with obliquely inclined bedding structures (also referred to as obliquely inclined bedding slopes), where the apparent dip sliding is not readily visible. This phenomenon has become a focal point in landslide research. Yet, there is a lack of studies on the failure modes and mechanisms of hidden, steep obliquely inclined bedding slopes. This study investigated the Shanyang landslide in Shaanxi Province, China. Using field investigations, laboratory tests of geotechnical parameters, and the 3DEC software, this study developed a numerical model of the landslide to analyze the failure process of such slopes. The findings indicate that the Shanyang landslide primarily crept along a weak interlayer under the action of gravity. The landslide, initially following a dip angle with the support of a stable inclined rock mass, shifted direction under the influence of argillization in the weak interlayer, moving towards the apparent dip angle. The slide resistance effect of the karstic dissolution zone was increasingly significant during this process, with lateral friction being the primary resistance force. A reduction in the lateral friction due to karstic dissolution made the apparent dip sliding characteristics of the Shanyang landslide more pronounced. Notably, deformations such as bending and uplift at the slope’s foot suggest that the main slide resistance shifts from lateral friction within the karstic dissolution zone to the slope foot’s resistance force, leading to the eventual buckling failure of the landslide. This study unveils a novel failure mode of apparent dip creep-buckling in the Shanyang landslide, highlighting the critical role of lateral friction from the karstic dissolution zone in its failure mechanism. These insights offer a valuable reference for mitigating risks and preventing disasters related to obliquely inclined bedding landslides.
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Jia-yun Wang, Zi-long Wu, Xiao-ya Shi, Long-wei Yang, Rui-ping Liu, Na Lu, 2024. Exploring mechanism of hidden, steep obliquely inclined bedding landslides using a 3DEC model: A case study of the Shanyang landslide in Shaanxi Province, China, China Geology, 7, 302-313. doi: 10.31035/cg2024044
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Figure 1.
Plan map of the Shanyang landslide.
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Figure 2.
Slope structure of Shanyang landslide (I-I’).
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Figure 3.
Three groups of joints stereographic projection.
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Figure 4.
Characteristics of the slip surface and shearing outlet. a‒Antistep in the slip surface; b‒Mud compounds in weak intercalation; c‒Bending deformation in outlet.
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Figure 5.
Plane view of movement zones.
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Figure 6.
Profile of movement zones.
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Figure 7.
Contour map showing the creep displacement of the landslide under the gravity.
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Figure 8.
Displacement vs. time step curves of monitoring points in X-direction.
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Figure 9.
Displacement vs. time step curves of monitoring points in Y-direction.
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Figure 10.
Displacement vs. time step curves of monitoring points in Z-direction.
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Figure 11.
Contour map showing the landslide displacement.
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Figure 12.
Contour map showing landslide displacement under the reduction in the lateral friction force of the karstic dissolution.
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Figure 13.
Contour map showing longitudinal displacement of the landslide before buckling failure.
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Figure 14.
Evolutionary process of weak interlayer argillization by interlayer shear.
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Figure 15.
Schematic diagram showing apparent dip creep-buckling of the Shanyang landslide. a‒dip creeping; b‒apparent dip slide-buckling.
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Figure 16.
Map showing the layout of the Shanyang landslide.