| Citation: |
Kabili Salma, Algouti Ahmed, Algouti Abdellah, Ezzahzi Salma, 2024. Estimation and mapping of water erosion and soil loss: Application of Gavrilovic erosion potential model (EPM) using GIS and remote sensing in the Assif el mal Watershed, Western high Atlas, China Geology, 7, 672-685. doi: 10.31035/cg2023058
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Estimation and mapping of water erosion and soil loss: Application of Gavrilovic erosion potential model (EPM) using GIS and remote sensing in the Assif el mal Watershed, Western high Atlas
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Abstract
Water erosion is a serious problem that leads to soil degradation, loss, and the destruction of structures. Assessing the risk of erosion and determining the affected areas has become crucial in order to understand the main factors influencing its evolution and to minimize its impacts. This study focuses on evaluating the risk of erosion in the Assif el mal watershed, which is located in the High Atlas Mountains. The Erosion Potential Model (EPM) is used to estimate soil losses depending on various parameters such as lithology, hydrology, topography, and morphometry. Geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques are employed to map areas with high erosive potential and their relationship with the distribution of factors involved.
Different digital elevation models are also used in this study to highlight the impact of data quality on the accuracy of the results. The findings reveal that approximately 59% of the total area in the Assif el mal basin has low to very low potential for soil losses, while 22% is moderately affected and 19.9% is at high to very high risk. It is therefore crucial to implement soil conservation measures to mitigate and prevent erosion risks.
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Keywords:
- Water erosion /
- Soil degradation /
- Risk /
- Assif el mal watershed /
- EPM /
- GIS and remote sensing /
- Map /
- Morocco /
- Digital elevations models
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References
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Kabili Salma, Algouti Ahmed, Algouti Abdellah, Ezzahzi Salma, 2024. Estimation and mapping of water erosion and soil loss: Application of Gavrilovic erosion potential model (EPM) using GIS and remote sensing in the Assif el mal Watershed, Western high Atlas, China Geology, 7, 672-685. doi: 10.31035/cg2023058
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Figure 1.
Geographical location of the Assif el mal watershed
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Figure 2.
(a)–Different formations of the Assif el mal basin. C.T–Cenomanian-Turonian dolomitic limestone; IC–Infra-Cenomanian with detrital red formation; AA–Apto Albian: Marl-limestone; Dogger–detrital red formation; Lias–Carbonato-evaporitic; Cambrian–schists and sandstones. (b)– Example of aspects of erosion in the Assif el mal basin: Landslide leading to blockage of the road; (c)–Rockfalls reaching the top of a village; (d)–Erosion of the banks and transport of sediments by wadi.
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Figure 3.
Methodological approach of the EPM model
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Figure 4.
Triangular diagram based on texture classification indicating: (a) the code of permeability and (b) the code of structure
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Figure 5.
Map of soil sensitivity in the Assif el mal basin
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Figure 6.
Map of temperature coefficient
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Figure 7.
Map of mean annual precipitations
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Figure 8.
Map of soil protection coefficient
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Figure 9.
Map of erosive state in the basin of Assif el mal
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Figure 10.
Slope maps (%) of different digital elevation models (a–Alos Palsar 12.5 m; b–Aster 30 m; c–Srtm 30 m)
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Figure 11.
Maps of the coefficient of erosion Z
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Figure 12.
Maps of soil loss in the Assif el mal basin