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2023 Vol. 6, No. 3
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Nan Ju, Di Zhang, Guo-bin Zhang, Sen Zhang, Chuan-tao Ren, Yun-sheng Ren, Hui Wang, Yue Wu, Xin Liu, Lu Shi, Rong-rong Guo, Qun Yang, Zhen-ming Sun, Yu-jie Hao, 2023. Geology and mineralization of the Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit (1.65 Bt), Jilin, China: A review, China Geology, 6, 494-530. doi: 10.31035/cg2023039
Citation: Nan Ju, Di Zhang, Guo-bin Zhang, Sen Zhang, Chuan-tao Ren, Yun-sheng Ren, Hui Wang, Yue Wu, Xin Liu, Lu Shi, Rong-rong Guo, Qun Yang, Zhen-ming Sun, Yu-jie Hao, 2023. Geology and mineralization of the Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit (1.65 Bt), Jilin, China: A review, China Geology, 6, 494-530. doi: 10.31035/cg2023039
shu

Geology and mineralization of the Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit (1.65 Bt), Jilin, China: A review

  • a.

    Shenyang Center, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources (Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center), Shenyang 110034, China

  • b.

    Mining College, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China

  • c.

    Cores and Samples Centre of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources, Langfang 065200, China

  • d.

    Mudanjiang Natural Resources Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resource, Mudanjiang 157000, China

  • e.

    Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065200, China

  • f.

    College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China

  • g.

    School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710000, China

  • h.

    School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110031, China

  • i.

    School of Prospecting & Surveying Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130000, China

More Information
Received Date:  03 November 2022
Revised Date:  11 July 2023
Accepted Date:  11 July 2023
Available Online:  18 July 2023
Publish Date:  15 July 2023
    Abstract

  • The Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit (also referred to as the Daheishan deposit) is the second largest molybdenum deposit in Asia and ranks fifth among the top seven molybdenum deposits globally with total molybdenum reserves of 1.65 billion tons, an average molybdenum ore grade of 0.081%, and molybdenum resources of 1.09 million tons. The main ore body is housed in the granodiorite porphyry plutons and their surrounding inequigranular granodiorite plutons, with high-grade ores largely located in the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyries in the middle-upper part of the porphyry plutons. Specifically, it appears as an ore pipe with a large upper part and a small lower part, measuring about 1700 m in length and width, extending for about 500 m vertically, and covering an area of 2.3 km2. Mineralogically, the main ore body consists of molybdenite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite horizontally from its center outward and exhibits molybdenite, azurite, and pyrite vertically from top to bottom. The primary ore minerals include pyrite and molybdenite, and the secondary ore minerals include sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, and scheelite, with average grades of molybdenum, copper, sulfur, gallium, and rhenium being 0.081%, 0.033%, 1.67%, 0.001%, and 0.0012%, respectively. The ore-forming fluids of the Daheishan deposit originated as the CO2-H2O-NaCl multiphase magmatic fluid system, rich in CO2 and bearing minor amounts of CH4, N2, and H2S, and later mixed with meteoric precipitation. In various mineralization stages, the ore-forming fluids had homogenization temperatures of > 420°C‒400°C, 360°C‒350°C, 340°C‒230°C, 220°C‒210°C, and 180°C‒160°C and salinities of > 41.05%‒9.8% NaCleqv, 38.16%‒4.48% NaCleqv, 35.78%‒4.49% NaCleqv, 7.43% NaCleqv, and 7.8%‒9.5% NaCleqv, respectively. The mineralization of the Daheishan deposit occurred at 186‒167 Ma. The granites closely related to the mineralization include granodiorites (granodiorite porphyries) and monzogranites (monzogranite porphyries), which were mineralized after magmatic evolution (189‒167 Ma). Moreover, these mineralization-related granites exhibit low initial strontium content and high initial neodymium content, indicating that these granites underwent crust-mantle mixing. The Daheishan deposit formed during the Early-Middle Jurassic, during which basaltic magma underplating induced the lower-crust melting, leading to the formation of magma chambers. After the fractional crystallization of magmas, ore-bearing fluids formed. As the temperature and pressure decreased, the ore-bearing fluids boiled drops while ascending, leading to massive unloading of metal elements. Consequently, brecciated and veinlet-disseminated ore bodies formed.

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