| Citation: |
Fan Yang, Jing-wen Mao, Wei-dong Ren, Jia-run Tu, Gilby Jepson, Si-yuan Meng, Zhi-min Wang, 2024. In situ U-Pb dating and trace elements of magmatic rutile from Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit, North China Craton: Insights into porphyry mineralization, China Geology, 7, 730-746. doi: 10.31035/cg2023038
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In situ U-Pb dating and trace elements of magmatic rutile from Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit, North China Craton: Insights into porphyry mineralization
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Abstract
Porphyry Cu (Mo-Au) deposit is one of the most important types of copper deposit and usually formed under magmatic arc-related settings, whilst the Mujicun porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in North China Craton uncommonly generated within intra-continental settings. Although previous studies have focused on the age, origin and ore genesis of the Mujicun deposit, the ore-forming age, magma source and tectonic evolution remain controversial. Here, this study targeted rutile (TiO2) in the ore-hosting diorite porphyry from the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit to conduct in situ U-Pb dating and trace element composition studies, with major views to determine the timing and magma evolution and to provide new insights into porphyry Cu-Mo metallogeny. Rutile trace element data show flat-like REE patterns characterized by relatively enrichment LREEs and depleted HREEs, which could be identified as magmatic rutile. Rutile U-Pb dating yields lower intercept ages of 139.3–138.4 Ma, interpreted as post magmatic cooling timing below about 500°C, which are consistent or slightly postdate with the published zircon U-Pb ages of diorite porphyry (144.1–141.7 Ma) and skarn (146.2 Ma; 139.9 Ma) as well as the molybdenite Re-Os ages of molybdenum ores (144.8–140.0 Ma). Given that the overlap between the closure temperature of rutile U-Pb system and ore-forming temperature of the Mujicun deposit, this study suggests that the ore-forming ages of the Mujicun deposit can be constrained at 139.3–138.4 Ma, with temporal links to the late large-scale granitic magmatism at 138–126 Ma in the Taihang Orogen. Based on the Mg and Al contents in rutile, the magma of ore-hosting diorite porphyry was suggested to be derived from crust-mantle mixing components. In conjunction with previous studies in Taihang Orogen, this study proposes that the far-field effect and the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific slab triggered lithospheric extension, asthenosphere upwelling, crust-mantle interaction and thermo-mechanical erosion, which jointly facilitated the formation of dioritic magmas during the Early Cretaceous. Subsequently, the dioritic magmas carrying crust-mantle mixing metallic materials were emplaced and precipitated at shallow positions along NNE-trending ore-controlling faults, eventually resulting in the formation of the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit within an intra-continental extensional setting.
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Fan Yang, Jing-wen Mao, Wei-dong Ren, Jia-run Tu, Gilby Jepson, Si-yuan Meng, Zhi-min Wang, 2024. In situ U-Pb dating and trace elements of magmatic rutile from Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit, North China Craton: Insights into porphyry mineralization, China Geology, 7, 730-746. doi: 10.31035/cg2023038
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Figure 1.
Tectonic map of the North China Craton with the spatial-temporal variation of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks (a, after Zhao G et al., 2005; Zhang SH et al., 2014) and geological map of the Laiyuan complex with the distribution of major lithologic units, ore deposits and faults (b, after Xue F et al., 2021).
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Figure 2.
Geological map of the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit and adjacent regions showing major lithologic units and faults as well as the locations of boreholes (after Dong GC et al., 2013).
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Figure 3.
Exploration cross-section of Line 79 in the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit showing the spatial distribution of lithologic units, orebodies and sampling locations.
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Figure 4.
Representative field photographs of diorite porphyry from boreholes in the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit.
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Figure 5.
Photomicrographs of diorite porphyry from boreholes in the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit. a–f: cross-polarized light; g–i: reflected light. Mineral abbreviations: Pl–plagioclase; Bt–biotite; Hbl–hornblende; Rt–rutile; Ccp–chalcopyrite; Mo–molybdenite; Py–pyrite.
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Figure 6.
Representative rutile CL and BSE images marked with analytical positions and spot numbers (a–c) and rutile U-Pb Terra-Wasserburg concordia plots (d–f) of diorite porphyry taken from boreholes in the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit.
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Figure 7.
Chondrite-normalized rutile REE patterns of diorite porphyry taken from boreholes in the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit. Chondrite-normalized values are from Sun SS and McDonough WF (1989).
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Figure 8.
Different dating age variation diagram (a), histograms of zircon U-Pb spot ages (b), and molybdenite Re-Os model ages (c) of the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit. Data sources are from Gao YF et al. (2011, 2013); Chen C et al. (2013); Dong GC et al. (2013); Shen ZC et al. (2015).
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Figure 9.
Variation diagrams of rutile (a, c–f) and molybdenite (b) trace element contents in the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit. (a) Mg vs. Al diagram (after Smythe D et al., 2008), (b) Re concentrations in molybdenite, (c) ΣREE vs. Cu diagram, (d) ΣREE vs. Mo diagram, (e) Cu vs. Mo diagram, and (f) As vs. Sb diagram (after Agangi A et al., 2019). Molybdenite data sources are from Gao YF et al. (2011); Chen C et al. (2013); Dong GC et al. (2013); Shen ZC et al. (2015).
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Figure 10.
Schematic tectonic model showing the generation of the Mujicun Cu-Mo deposit in the North China Craton (modified from Yang F et al., 2021b). Abbreviations: WB–Western Block; TNCO–Trans-North China Orogen; EB–Eastern Block; SCLM–Subcontinental lithospheric mantle.