| Citation: |
Li-zhi Shi, Zhuo-zhuo Wang, Zhan-tao Xing, Shan Meng, Shuai Guo, Si-miao Wu, Li-yan Luo, 2024. Geological characteristics of unconventional tight oil reservoir (109 t): A case study of Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, northern Songliao Basin, NE China, China Geology, 7, 51-62. doi: 10.31035/cg2022072
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Geological characteristics of unconventional tight oil reservoir (109 t): A case study of Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, northern Songliao Basin, NE China
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Abstract
The Daqing exploration area in the northern Songliao Basin has great potential for unconventional oil and gas resources, among which the total resources of tight oil alone exceed 109 t and is regarded as an important resource base of Daqing oilfield. After years of exploration in the Qijia area, Songliao Basin, NE China, tight oil has been found in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation. To work out tight oil’s geological characteristics, taking tight oil in Gaotaizi oil layers of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin as an example, this paper systematically analyzed the geological characteristics of unconventional tight oil in Gao3 and Gao4 layers of the Qijia area, based on the data of the geological survey, well drilling journey, well logging, and test. It is that three sets of hydrocarbon source rocks (K2qn1, K2qn2+3, and K2n1) develop in the examined area, and exhibit excellent type I and II kerogens, high organic matter abundance, and moderate maturity. The reservoir is generally composed of thin-bedded mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone, and presents poor porosity (average 8.5 vol.%) and air permeability (average 4 mD). The main reservoir space primarily includes intergranular pores, secondary soluble pores, and intergranular soluble pores. Three types of orifice throats were identified, namely fine throat, extra-fine throat, and micro-fine throat. The siltstone is generally oil-bearing, the reservoirs with slime and calcium become worse oil-bearing, and the mudstone has no obvious oil-bearing characteristics. The brittleness indices of the sandstone in the tight oil reservoir range from 40% to 60%, and those of the mudstone range from 40% to 45%, indicating a better brittleness of the tight oil reservoir. Based on the study of typical core hole data, this paper gives a comprehensive evaluation of the properties of the tight oil and establishes a tight oil single well composite bar chart as well as the initial evaluation system with the core of properties in the tight oil reservoir. This study has theoretical guiding significance and practical application value for tight oil exploration and evaluation in the Qijia area.
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References
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Li-zhi Shi, Zhuo-zhuo Wang, Zhan-tao Xing, Shan Meng, Shuai Guo, Si-miao Wu, Li-yan Luo, 2024. Geological characteristics of unconventional tight oil reservoir (109 t): A case study of Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, northern Songliao Basin, NE China, China Geology, 7, 51-62. doi: 10.31035/cg2022072
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Figure 1.
a‒Comprehensive stratigraphic column; b‒structural divisions map of Songliao Basin. 1‒Longhupao-Daan terrace; 2‒Qijia-Gulong sag; 3‒Daqing placanticline; 4‒Sanzhao sag; 5‒Chaoyanggou terrace; 6‒Changchunling anticline; 7‒Fuxin uplift; 8‒Huazijing terrace; 9‒Changling sag; 10‒Wuyuer sag; 11‒Heiyupao sag.
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Figure 2.
Sedimentary section of the Gaotaizi reservoir and the upper and lower adjacent layers in Well L28–Well G702 of Qijia area.
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Figure 3.
Rock types and frequency diagram of Gao3 and Gao4 reservoirs in the Qijia area. a‒Rock types diagram of Gao3 reservoirs in the Qijia area; b‒rock types diagram of Gao4 reservoirs in the Qijia area; c‒rock frequency diagram of Gao3 reservoirs in the Qijia area; d‒rock frequency diagram of Gao4 reservoirs in the Qijia area.
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Figure 4.
Microscopic pictures of the tight oil reservoir in the Qipin1 well of the Qijia area. a‒Well Qiping 1, mudstone with siltstone stripe, 1982.55 m; b‒Well Qiping 1, gray mud-bearing shell siltstone, 1983.59 m; c‒Well Qiping 1, mud-bearing siltstone,1986.39 m; d‒Well Qiping 1, grey Black mudstone,1981.61 m.
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Figure 5.
Representative rocks in the organic components of laser confocal three-dimensional imaging of Qiping1 well in the Qijia area. a‒Well Qiping 1, siltstone, 1989.84 m; b‒Well Qiping 1, silty mudstone,1991.68 m; c‒Well Qiping 1, silty mudstone,1988.8 m; d‒Well Qiping 1, mudstone, 1987.52 m. In the figure, yellow represents light organic matter, red represents heavy organic matter, and green represents kerogen + crude oil mixture.
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Figure 6.
Frequency distribution histogram of Gao3 and Gao4 reservoirs properties in Qijia area.
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Figure 7.
Tight oil reservoir micropore structure of Gao3 and Gao4 reservoirs in the Qijia area. a‒Well Qiping1, 1984 m, intergranular pore, dissolution pore. b‒Well Gu433, 2012 m, primary intergranular pore. c‒Well Jin57, 1847 m, primary intergranular pore, dissolved pores in rock debris. d‒Well Jin51, 1949 m, primary intergranular pore, intergranular dissolution pore in feldspar. e‒Well Qiping1, 1981.55 m, dissolved fracture. f‒Well Qiping1, 1982 m, dissolved fracture. g‒Well Xing 83, 1982 m, primary intergranular pore, intergranular dissolution pore; h‒Well Xing 77, 1627 m, primary intergranular pore. i‒Well Xing 83, 1957 m, microfracture. j‒Well Jin211, 2085 m, microfracture. k‒Well Gu433, 2012 m, primary intergranular pore, microfracture. l‒Well Qiping1, 1984 m, intergranular nanometer seam.
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Figure 8.
Diameter distribution of sandstone pores of Gao3 and Gao4 reservoirs in the Qijia area.
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Figure 9.
Pore throat radius and the physical diagram of the Gaotaizi tight oil reservoir in the Qijia area.
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Figure 10.
Rock mineral composition and brittleness index characteristics of Qiping1 well.
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Figure 11.
Comprehensive evaluation of oil-bearing of Qiping1 well.
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Figure 12.
Tight oil and oil-bearing property and core diagram of Qijia area.
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Figure 13.
Single well composite bar chart of tight oil layer in Gao3 and Gao4 reservoir, Qijia area.