| Citation: |
Guo-dong Liu, Ming-hui Wei, Ze Yang, Hong-ye Xiao, Yi-he Zhang, Na-na Fang, 2023. Relationship between spatio-temporal evolution of soil pH and geological environment/surface cover in the eastern Nenjiang River Basin of Northeast China during the past 30 years, China Geology, 6, 369-382. doi: 10.31035/cg2022062
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Relationship between spatio-temporal evolution of soil pH and geological environment/surface cover in the eastern Nenjiang River Basin of Northeast China during the past 30 years
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Abstract
To illuminate the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and geochemical driving mechanism of soil pH in the Nenjiang River Basin, the National Multi-objective Regional Geochemical Survey data of topsoil, the Second National Soil Survey data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were analyzed. The areas of neutral and alkaline soil decreased by 21100 km2 and 30500 km2, respectively, while that of strongly alkaline, extremely alkaline, and strongly acidic soil increased by 19600 km2, 18200 km2, and 15500 km2, respectively, during the past 30 years. NDVI decreased with the increase of soil pH when soil pH > 8.0, and it was reversed when soil pH < 5.0. There were significant differences in soil pH with various surface cover types, which showed an ascending order: Arbor < reed < maize < rice < high and medium-covered meadow < low-covered meadow < Puccinellia. The weathering products of minerals rich in K2O, Na2O, CaO, and MgO entered into the low plain and were enriched in different parts by water transportation and lake deposition, while Fe and Al remained in the low hilly areas, which was the geochemical driving mechanism. The results of this study will provide scientific basis for making scientific and rational decisions on soil acidification and salinization.
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References
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Guo-dong Liu, Ming-hui Wei, Ze Yang, Hong-ye Xiao, Yi-he Zhang, Na-na Fang, 2023. Relationship between spatio-temporal evolution of soil pH and geological environment/surface cover in the eastern Nenjiang River Basin of Northeast China during the past 30 years, China Geology, 6, 369-382. doi: 10.31035/cg2022062
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Figure 1.
Geographical location of the study area.
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Figure 2.
Distribution map of land use types (a) and soil types (b) in the eastern Nenjiang River Basin.
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Figure 3.
Soil pH box diagram in different soil types. a‒dark-brown soil; b‒meadow soil; c‒aeolian sandy soil; d‒chernozem; e‒black soil; f‒andisols; g‒solonetz; h‒castanozem; i‒paddy soil; j‒alluvial soil; k‒solonchaks; l‒marsh soil.
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Figure 4.
Soil pH box diagram in different land use types. a‒grassland; b‒upland; c‒construction land; d‒woodland; e‒sandy land; f‒paddy field; g‒mudflat; h‒saline-alkali land; i‒marsh.
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Figure 5.
Spatial distribution of soil pH and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). a‒soil pH distribution in the 1980s; b‒current soil pH distribution; c‒current NDVI distribution.
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Figure 6.
Spatial variation of soil pH in the eastern Nenjiang River Basin in recent 30 years.
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Figure 7.
Segmentation statistics of soil pH at different stages in the eastern Nenjiang River Basin. a‒strongly acidic; b‒acidic; c‒neutral; d‒alkaline; e‒strongly alkalin; f‒extremely alkaline.
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Figure 8.
Correlation analysis between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and soil pH.
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Figure 9.
Vegetation types in various ecosystems.
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Figure 10.
Relationships models between soil elements and pH in the Nenjiang River Basin.
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Figure 11.
Geochemical maps of Na2O, CaO and Al2O3 for topsoil in Nenjiang River Basin.
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Figure 12.
Relationships between soil pH and elevation (a) and geomorphology (b). The lower and the upper edge lines in the rectangular box represent 5% and 95% of all data, respectively. The upper solid point is the outlier value. The upper and lower edges of the rectangular box represent the upper and lower quartiles, representing 75% and 25% of all data, respectively. The solid line represents the median, and the × represents the mean value.
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Figure 13.
Relationships between the main controlling elements oxides content (mass fraction) and the elevation in the topsoil.