| Citation: |
Yong-fei Ma, Yong-jiang Liu, A.Yu. Peskov, Yan Wang, Wei-min Song, Yu-jin Zhang, Cheng Qian, Tong-jun Liu, 2022. Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NE China, China Geology, 5, 555-578. doi: 10.31035/cg2021079
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Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NE China
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Abstract
The eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in NE China is a key area for investigating continental growth. However, the complexity of its Paleozoic geological history has meant that the tectonic development of this belt is not fully understood. NE China is composed of the Erguna and Jiamusi blocks in the northern and eastern parts and the Xing’an and Songliao-Xilinhot accretionary terranes in the central and southern parts. The Erguna and Jiamusi blocks have Precambrian basements with Siberia and Gondwana affinities, respectively. In contrast, the Xing’an and Songliao-Xilinhot accretionary terranes were formed via subduction and collision processes. These blocks and terranes were separated by the Xinlin-Xiguitu, Heilongjiang, Nenjiang, and Solonker oceans from north to south, and these oceans closed during the Cambrian (ca. 500 Ma), Late Silurian (ca. 420 Ma), early Late Carboniferous (ca. 320 Ma), and Late Permian to Middle Triassic (260–240 Ma), respectively, forming the Xinlin-Xiguitu, Mudanjiang-Yilan, Hegenshan-Heihe, Solonker-Linxi, and Changchun-Yanji suture zones. Two oceanic tectonic cycles took place in the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO), namely, the Early Paleozoic cycle involving the Xinlin-Xiguitu and Heilongjiang oceans and the late Paleozoic cycle involving the Nenjiang-Solonker oceans. The Paleozoic tectonic pattern of the eastern CAOB generally shows structural features that trend east-west. The timing of accretion and collision events of the eastern CAOB during the Paleozoic youngs progressively from north to south. The branch ocean basins of the eastern PAO closed from west to east in a scissor-like manner. A bi-directional subduction regime dominated during the narrowing and closure process of the eastern PAO, which led to “soft collision” of tectonic units on each side, forming huge accretionary orogenic belts in central Asia.
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Yong-fei Ma, Yong-jiang Liu, A.Yu. Peskov, Yan Wang, Wei-min Song, Yu-jin Zhang, Cheng Qian, Tong-jun Liu, 2022. Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NE China, China Geology, 5, 555-578. doi: 10.31035/cg2021079
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Figure 1.
Fundamental paleotectonic units of Eurasia (modified from Liu YJ et al., 2017).
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Figure 2.
Tectonic division of the NE China, showing the major blocks, sutures, faults and topographical units (modified from Liu YJ et al., 2017; Xiao WJ et al., 2015; Wu FY et al., 2011). Tectonic location shown in Fig. 1.
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Figure 3.
Precambrian basements distribution of the eastern CAOB in NE China, showing the location of Xilinhot, Longjiang and Yichun mini-blocks in SXAT (modified from Liu YJ et al., 2021). Abbreviations refer to Fig. 2.
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Figure 4.
Geological sketch map of the Jiamusi Block and its surrounding areas (after Wu FY et al., 2007). Tectonic location shown in Fig. 2. Abbreviations refer to Fig. 2.
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Figure 5.
Simplified geographic map show the branch ocean basins of the eastern PAO. By today’s latitude and longitude. Abbreviations refer to Fig. 2.
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Figure 6.
Schematic geological map of Great Xing’an Range area, showing the main tectonic units and the distributions of two subduction related Palaeozoic magmatic arc belts (480–420 Ma and 360–330 Ma). Modified from Liu YJ et al., 2021. Tectonic location shown in Fig. 2. Abbreviations refer to Fig. 2.
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Figure 7.
Simplified tectonic map of the SE Inner Mongolia, showing its structures and tectonic belts. Tectonic elements modified from Xiao WJ et al., 2015. Tectonic location shown in Fig. 2. XAT–Xing’an Accretionary Terrane; HHS–Hegenshan-Heihe Suture; SXAT–Songliao-Xilinhot Accretionary Terrane; SLS–Solonker-Linxi Suture; OSC–Ondor Sum Complex; BA–Bainaimiao Arc; NCC–North China Craton.
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Figure 8.
Tectonic model of the Xinlin-Xiguitu, Nenjiang, and western Solonker oceans of the eastern PAO. Section position shown in Fig. 2. Abbreviations refer to Fig. 2.
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Figure 9.
Tectonic model of the Heilongjiang and eastern Solonker oceans of the eastern PAO. Section position shown in Fig. 2. Abbreviations refer to Fig. 2.
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Figure 10.
Paleozoic (and related Neoproterozoic and Early Mesozoic) paleogeographic reconstructions of Siberia, Gondwana, the NCC, and the eastern CAOB in NE China at (a) ca. 620 Ma, (b) ca. 500 Ma, (c) ca. 420 Ma, (d) ca. 320 Ma, (e) ca. 250 Ma, and (f) ca. 230 Ma. Modified from Zhao GC et al. (2018). Dashed black arrows indicate the general direction of continental drift at the given time periods. Abbreviations are the same as those of Fig. 2. Abbreviations refer to Fig. 2.