| Citation: |
Younes Jalilian, Mohammad Hossein Saberi, 2021. Determination of hydrocarbon generation potential of a non-isothermal pyrolysis of Faraghun and Sarchahan Formations in Coastal Fars and the Persian Gulf, Iran, China Geology, 4, 644-657. doi: 10.31035/cg2021035
|
Determination of hydrocarbon generation potential of a non-isothermal pyrolysis of Faraghun and Sarchahan Formations in Coastal Fars and the Persian Gulf, Iran
-
Abstract
Source rock assessment is a key step in any petroleum exploration activity. The results of Rock-Eval analysis showed that Sarchahan Formation was in the late oil window, while the Faraghun and Zakeen Formations were just in the early stages of the oil window. Furthermore, Sarchahan, Zakeen and Faraghun Formations exhibited different kerogen types (types-Ⅱ, types-Ⅲ and type-Ⅲ, respectively). Refining the kinetic parameters using the OPTKIN software, the error function returned error values below 0.1, indicating accurate optimization of the kinetic parameters. Based on the obtained values of activation energy, it was clear that Sarchahan Formation contained type-Ⅱ kerogen with an activation energy of 48–52 kcal/mol, while Zakeen and Faraghun Formations contained type-III kerogen with activation energies of 70–80 kcal/mol and 44–56 kcal/mol, respectively. The geographical distribution of the samples studied in this work, it was found that the organic matter (OM) quantity and quality increased as one moved toward the Coastal Fars in Sarchahan Formation. The same trend was observed as one moved from the southern coasts of Iran toward the shaly and coaly portions of Faraghun Formation in the center of the Persian Gulf.
-
Keywords:
- Kinetic parameters /
- Rock-Eval pyrolysis /
- Hydrocarbon potential /
- Source rock /
- Sarchahan Formation /
- Faraghun Formation /
- Zagros Basin /
- Persian Gulf /
- Iran
-
-
References
Abiodun BO, Oluwasesan MB, Tijjani A. 2020. Origin and depositional environments of source rocks and crude oils from Niger Delta Basin: Carbon isotopic evidence. China Geology, 3, 602–610. doi: 10.31035/cg2020057. Afshari N, Rabbani A, Khaleghi M. 2007. Geochemical studies of Faraghun, Sarchahan and Siahu Formation and evaluation their role in gas generation in Fars and Bandar-Abbas Regions. Amirkabir Journal, 17, 53–61. Behar F, Beaumont V, Penteado HL De B. 2001. Rock-Eval 6 technology: Performances and developments. Oil and Gas Science and Technology, 56, 111–134. doi: 10.2516/ogst:2001013. Bordenave ML, Hegre JA. 2010. Current distribution of oil and gas fields in the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran and contiguous offshore as the result of the petroleum systems. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 330, 291–353. doi: 10.1144/SP330.14. Chen JQ, Zhang XG, Chen ZH, Pang XQ, Yang HJ, Zhao ZF, Pang B, Ma KY. 2021. Hydrocarbon expulsion evaluation based on pyrolysis Rock-Eval data: Implications for Ordovician carbonates exploration in the Tabei Uplift, Tarim. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 196, 107614. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107614. Chen JW, Xu M, Lei BH, Liang J, Zhang YG, Wu SY, Shi J, Yuan Y, Wang JG, Zhang YX, Li G, Wang WJ. 2019. Prospective prediction and exploration situation of marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic oil and gas in the South Yellow Sea. China Geology, 2, 67–84. doi: 10.31035/cg2018072. Espitalié J, Deroo G, and Marquis F. 1985. La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications Première partie. Revue de l'Institut français du Pétrole, 40, 563–579. doi: 10.2516/ogst:1985035. Fadiya SL, Adekola SA, Oyebamiji BM, Akinsanpe OT. 2020. Source rock geochemistry of shale samples from Ege-1 and Ege-2 wells, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 99. doi: 10.1007/s13202-020-01038-5. Feng YW, Ren Y, Zhang GC, Qu HJ. 2020. Petroleum geology and exploration direction of gas province in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin, Australia. China Geology, 3, 623–632. doi: 10.31035/cg2020064. Ghazban F. 2007. Petroleum geology of Persian Gulf. Teheran University and National Iranian Oil Company, 1–734. Hunt JM. 1996. Petroleum geology and geochemistry, W H Freeman & Company, 743p. Karimi AR, Rabbani AR, Kamali MR. 2016. A bulk kinetic, burial history and thermal modeling study of the Albian Kazhdumi and the Eocene-Oligocene Pabdeh formations in the Ahvaz anticline, Dezful Embayment, Iran. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 146, 61–70. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2016.04.015. Konert G, Abdulkader M, Afifi SA, Al-Hajri K, Groot A, Al Naim A, Droste HJ. 2001. Paleozoic stratigraphy and hydrocarbon habitat of the Arabian Plate. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 74(24), 483–515. Koralay D. 2021. Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the Middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (13C and 15N). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 164, 39–52. doi: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127. Lewan MD, Ruble TE. 2002. Comparison of petroleum generation kinetics by isothermal hydrous and nonisothermal open-system pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry, 33, 1457–1475. doi: 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00182-1. Mangotra SR, Chari MVN, Thomas NJ, Mishra KN, Chandra K. 1995. Determination and analysis of optimal kinetic parameters for hydrocarbon generation from source rock sequences of Cambay basin, India. Organic geochemistry, 23, 371–378. doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(95)00030-I. Mary M, Kuhnel C. 1980. Rock-Eval pyrolysis as source rock screening technique. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 64, 762–762. Meriç E, Yümün Z, Nazik A, Sagular E, Yokeş M, Büyükmeriç Y, Yıldız A, Yavuzlar G. 2020. Drilling and core data from the Gulf of Gemlik (SE Sea of Marmara): Holocene fauna and flora assemblages. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 161, 121–149. doi: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.581537. Mirshahani M, Kassaie M, Zeinalzadeh A. 2016. Source rock evaluation of the Cenomanian middle Sarvak (Ahmadi) Formation in the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf. Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology, 7(3), 100–116. doi: 10.22078/JPST.2017.805. Moattari M, Rabbani AR, Mahdavifar Y. 2012. Estimating and optimizing the amount of generated hydrocarbon by determining kinetic parameters (A, E) in Pabdeh, Gurpi, and Kazhdumi source rocks with an open pyrolysis system. Petroleum Science and Technology, 30, 2306–2315. doi: 10.1080/10916466.2010.511380. Pierre C, Romero F, Sissmann O, Beaumont V. 2020. On-line recovery system coupled to a Rock-Eval device: An analytical methodology for characterization of liquid and solid samples. Organic Geochemistry, 144, 104014. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104014. Rabbani AR. 2008. Geochemistry of crude oil samples from the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 31, 303–316. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-5457.2008.00422.x. Rabbani AR. 2007. Petroleum geochemistry, offshore SE Iran. Geochemistry International, 45, 1164–1172. doi: 10.1134/S0016702907110109. Saberi MH, Rabbani AR, Ghavidel-syooki M. 2016. Hydrocarbon potential and palynological study of the Latest Ordovician–Earliest Silurian source rock (Sarchahan Formation) in the Zagros Mountains, southern Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 7, 110–127. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.12.010. Sweeney JJ, Burnham AK, Braun RL. 1987. A model of hydrocarbon generation from type I kerogen: application to Uinta Basin. Utah. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 71, 967–985. doi: 10.1306/94887901-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D. Tissot B, Espitalié I. 1975. L’evolution Thermique De La Matitre Organique des Sediments: Application dune simulation mathtmatique. Revue de l'Institut Francais du Petrole, 30, 743–777. doi: 10.2516/ogst:1975026. Vaezian A, Ziaii M, Kamali M R, Khaleghi M. 2013. An evaluation on geochemical characteristics of some probable source rocks of salman oil field in the Persian Gulf. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39, 5653–5663. doi: 10.1007/s13369-014-1129-0. -
Access History
Figures(15)
Tables(9)
Export File
Citation
Younes Jalilian, Mohammad Hossein Saberi, 2021. Determination of hydrocarbon generation potential of a non-isothermal pyrolysis of Faraghun and Sarchahan Formations in Coastal Fars and the Persian Gulf, Iran, China Geology, 4, 644-657. doi: 10.31035/cg2021035
Format
Content
DownLoad:
-
Figure 1.
Divisions of Zagros Basin from the northwest to the south.
-
Figure 2.
Stratigraphic column of Zagros Basin within the age interval of interest (after Pierre C et al., 2020).
-
Figure 3.
The distribution of activation energy of different type of kerogen.
-
Figure 4.
Location map the studied fields and the sampling points at Faraghun Mount.
-
Figure 5.
Plot of S1 vs. TOC for samples from Sarchahan and Faraghun Formations.
-
Figure 6.
S1+S2 vs. TOC of samples taken from Sarchahan and Faraghun Formations.
-
Figure 7.
HI vs. Tmax of samples taken from Sarchahan and Faraghun Formations.
-
Figure 8.
Plot of S2 vs. TOC for samples taken from Sarchahan and Faraghun Formations.
-
Figure 9.
Plot of PI vs. Tmax for samples taken from Sarchahan and Faraghun Formations.
-
Figure 10.
Distribution of kinetic parameters for the samples taken from Faraghun Formation: a–Sample A, b–Sample B, c–Sample C, and d–Sample D.
-
Figure 11.
The rate of HC generation for the samples taken from Faraghun Formation: a–sample A, b–sample B, c–sample C, and d–sample D.
-
Figure 12.
The rate of kerogen to HC conversion for the samples taken from Faraghun Formation: a–Sample A, b–Sample B, c–Sample C, and d–Sample D.
-
Figure 13.
Distributions of kinetic parameters for the samples taken from Sarchahan Formation: a–sample A, b–sample B, and c–sample C.
-
Figure 14.
The kerogen-to-HC conversion temperature range and produced amount of HC for the samples taken from Sarchahan Formation: a–Sample A, b–Sample B, and c–Sample C.
-
Figure 15.
The kerogen-to-HC conversion temperature range for the samples taken from Sarchahan Formation. a–Sample A, b–Sample B, and c–Sample C.