| Citation: |
En-ran Liu, Di-shi Shi, Yan-hong Wang, Qiu-chen Xu, Bu-qing Wang, Peng-ju Yang, Chuan-fang Jiang, Jian-wei Zang, 2020. Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate, China Geology, 3, 575-590. doi: 10.31035/cg2020067
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Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate
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Abstract
The sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression was established based on detailed sequence stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis by utilizing the logging and core data of six wells drilled in the eastern tectonic unit of Zhoukou Depression. It was divided into three third-order sequences, namely SQs1, SQs2, and SQs3 from bottom to top. Each sequence can be divided into a transgressive system tract (TST) and a highstand system tract (HST). Furthermore, four sequence boundaries and three maximum flooding surfaces were identified, and they are the bottom interface SBs and maximum flooding surface mfss1 of SQs1, the bottom interface SBs1 and maximum flooding surface mfss2 of SQs2, the bottom interface SBs3 and maximum flooding surface mfss3 of SQs3, and the top interface SBx from bottom to top. Carbonate tidal flat–clastic tidal flat sedimentary system developed in Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression (also referred to as the study area) under the control of regression. Meanwhile, four sedimentary microfacies were identified in the sedimentary system, which are lime-mud flats, sand flats, mixed flats, and mud flats. The transgression in the study area occurred from the southeast to the northwest. Therefore, the northwestern part is the seaward side, and the southeastern part is the landward side. As revealed by relevant drilling data, SQs1 of the Shanxi Formation is characterized by the development of limestone and carbonaceous mudstone, with limestone, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone mainly developing. Meanwhile, lime-mud flats were mainly deposited in it. During the periods of SQs2 and SQs3, the sedimentary environment of the study area changed from the carbonate tidal flats to clastic tidal flats as the coastline migrated towards the sea. In these periods, sand flats mainly developed near the maximum flooding surfaces and were relatively continuous in the eastern and southern parts of the transgressive system tract; mixed flats were relatively continuous in the western and northern parts of the transgressive system tract as well as the eastern and southern parts of the highstand system tract; mud flats widely developed in the highstand system tract. Peat flats mainly developed in the period of HSTs2, with coal seams relatively developing in the southeastern part of the study area as revealed by drilling data. The peat flats in SQs2 are favorable hydrocarbon source layers, the lime-mud flats in SQs1 and sand flats formed in the transgression periods of SQs2 and SQs3 constitute favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the mud flats form in the transgressions periods serve as favorable cap rocks. Therefore, the study area features a reservoir-cap assemblage for self-generating and self-storing of hydrocarbon, and the southeastern part of the study area can be taken as a favorable exploration area.
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References
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En-ran Liu, Di-shi Shi, Yan-hong Wang, Qiu-chen Xu, Bu-qing Wang, Peng-ju Yang, Chuan-fang Jiang, Jian-wei Zang, 2020. Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate, China Geology, 3, 575-590. doi: 10.31035/cg2020067
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Figure 1.
Geological structure outline map of the northeastern part of Zhoukou Depression. a–geological structure outline map of Southern North China Basin (SNCB); b–geological structure outline map of Zhoukou Depression (ZKD); c–geological structure outline map of research filed. BBB–Bohai Bay Basin; BZF–Bozhou Fault; CSU–Changshan Uplift; DSSF–Danfeng-Shangnan-Shangcheng Fault; GCF–Gucheng Fault; GCLS–Gucheng lower High; HBU–Huaibei Uplift; JLB–Jiaolai Basin; KFD–Kaifeng Depression; LJF–Luoji Fault; NQJS–Niqiuji Sag; NXB–Nanxiang Basin; QDOB–Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt; QSB–Qinshui Basin; SB–Subei Basin; SNCB–South North China Basin; SYSB–South Yellow Sea Basin; TLF–Tan-Lu Fault; WLH–Wanglou High; XYHFD–Xinyang-Hefei Depression; YJS–Yanji Sag; ZKD–Zhoukou Depression. 1–well location (the alphabet A, B, C, D, F, and G in Fig. c refers to the name of each well); 2–provincial city; 3–prefecture-level city; 4–provincial boundary; 5–normal fault; 6–reverse fault; 7–coastline, river, or lake; 8–basin boundary; 9–national boundary; 10–basin; 11–depression; 12–uplift; 13–sag; 14–high; 15–study area; 16–sea.
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Figure 2.
Trends of tidal flats and lithology varying with sea level. 1–sand flat; 2–mud flat; 3–mixed flat; 4–swamp; 5–vegetation; 6–the curve of change in average high tide line; 7–the curve of change in average low tide line; 8–fining-upwards sequence; 9–coarsening-upwards sequence.
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Figure 3.
Division of sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation. 1–fine sandstone; 2–medium sandstone; 3–mudstone; 4–limestone; 5–coal seam; 6–rising of sea level; 7–dropping of sea level; 8–width of mudstone; 9–width of sandstone; 10–width of limestone.
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Figure 4.
Internal characteristics of sequences of Shanxi Formation (well names corresponding to those in Fig. 1). 1–fine sandstone; 2–medium sandstone; 3–siltstone; 4–silty mudstone; 5–mudstone; 6–carbonaceous mudstone; 7–limestone; 8–coal seam; 9–diabase; 10–rising of sea level; 11–dropping of sea level; 12–sequence boundary; 13–maximum flooding surface; 14–width of mudstone; 15–width of silty mudstone; 16–width of siltstone; 17–width of sandstone; 18–width of limestone.
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Figure 5.
Sedimentary structure and lithologic characteristics of tidal flat sedimentary facies in the study area. a–Well C, P1s, 1522.66 m, parallel bedding; b–Well C, P1s, 1587.8 m, cross bedding; c–Well G, P1s, 3780.28 m, flaser bedding; d–Well G, P1s, 3776.96 m, lenticular bedding; e–Well F, P1s, 2601.68 m, carbonaceous mudstone; f–Well F, P1s, 2710.20 m, limestone.
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Figure 6.
Distribution of sedimentary facies on well profile (W-S; well names corresponding to those in Fig. 1). 1–fine sandstone; 2–medium sandstone; 3–siltstone; 4–silty mudstone; 5–mudstone; 6–carbonaceous mudstone; 7–limestone; 8–coal seam; 9–diabase; 10–sequence boundary; 11–maximum flooding surface; 12–width of mudstone; 13–width of silty mudstone; 14–width of siltstone; 15–width of sandstone; 16–width of limestone; 17–sand flat; 18–mud flat; 19–mixed flat; 20–limemud flat; 21–peat flat; 22–intrusion area of igneous rocks.
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Figure 7.
Distribution of sedimentary facies on well profile (N-S; well names corresponding to those in Fig. 1). 1–fine sandstone; 2–medium sandstone; 3–siltstone; 4–silty mudstone; 5–mudstone; 6–carbonaceous mudstone; 7–limestone; 8–volcanic rock; 9–coal seam; 10–diabase; 11–sequence boundary; 12–maximum flooding surface; 13–width of mudstone; 14–width of silty mudstone; 15–width of siltstone; 16–width of sandstone; 17–width of limestone; 18–sand flat; 19–mud flat; 20–mixed flat; 21–limemud flat; 22–peat flat; 23–intrusion area of igneous rocks.
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Figure 8.
Literal distribution of sedimentary facies of each system tract in Shanxi Formation. 1–well location (the alphabet A, B, C, D, F, G refers to the name of each well); 2–prefecture-level city; 3–provincial boundary; 4–normal fault; 5–reverse fault; 6–mud flat; 7–mixed flat; 8–sand flat; 9–limemud flat.
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Figure 9.
Sedimentary facies model in sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation. 1–well location; 2–mud flat; 3–mixed flat; 4–sand flat; 5–limemud flat; 6–peat flat.