| Citation: |
Bei-bei Han, Peng-qiang Shang, Yong-zhang Gao, Sen Jiao, Chao-mei Yao, Hao Zou, Min Li, Liang Wang, Hou-yi Zheng, 2020. Fluorite deposits in China: Geological features, metallogenic regularity, and research progress, China Geology, 3, 473-489. doi: 10.31035/cg2020054
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Fluorite deposits in China: Geological features, metallogenic regularity, and research progress
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Abstract
Fluorite is one of the important mineral raw materials in the industry. In China, it is mainly distributed in the provinces and regions such as Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia, Fujian, and Henan provinces, boasting huge reserves and large numbers of deposits. However, most of the fluorite deposits are on a small or medium scale. The main fluorite deposits in China were studied in this paper. Their geological features and metallogenic regularity were summarized and compared. Meanwhile, based on their main genetic factors including metallogenic fluid sources and main metallogenic geological processes, they were divided into two groups, namely meso-epithermal deposits and magmatic-hydrothermal deposits. Furthermore, based on the prospecting achievements and research progress obtained in fluorite deposits in recent years, prospecting potential predictions were made for the metallogenic prospect areas and major prospecting areas of fluorite in China. This aims to provide a theoretical basis and direction for future fluorite prospecting in China.
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References
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Bei-bei Han, Peng-qiang Shang, Yong-zhang Gao, Sen Jiao, Chao-mei Yao, Hao Zou, Min Li, Liang Wang, Hou-yi Zheng, 2020. Fluorite deposits in China: Geological features, metallogenic regularity, and research progress, China Geology, 3, 473-489. doi: 10.31035/cg2020054
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Figure 1.
Distribution of fluorite deposits in China (after Wang JP et al., 2014).
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Figure 2.
Profile of exploration line No. 108 of Huahe fluorite deposit in Hong’an County, Hubei Province (after Wu ZQ et al., 1989). 1–artificial deposits; 2–dolomitic plagiogneisses; 3–orthophyre; 4–fault breccia; 5–fluorite ore body.
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Figure 3.
Exploration line profile of Yangjia fluorite deposit in Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province (after Wu ZQ et al., 1989). 1–Lower Cretaceous Chaochuan Formation; 2–Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous Moshishan Group; 3–tuffaceous conglomerate; 4–shale; 5–ignimbrite; 6–tuff; 7–felsite; 8–fluorite ore body; 9–mining adit; 10–borehole.
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Figure 4.
Ore bodies occurring in the contact zone between rock mass and limestone in the Bamianshan deposit in Zhejiang Province (after Geology Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, 2007). 1–mudstone; 2–calcareous mudstone; 3–silty mudstone; 4–fine sandstone; 5–argillaceous limestone; 6–marble; 7–calcareous siliceous hornstone; 8–diopside hornstone; 9–silicified fracture zone; 10–granite; 11–granite porphyry; 12–diorite porphyrite; 13–attitude; 14–borehole and number; 15–Cambrian Xiyangshan Formation; 16–Cambrian Huayansi Formation; 17–Cambrian Yangliugang Formation; 18–Sinian Zhitang Formation.
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Figure 5.
Stratiform and lenticular ore bodies occurring in interlayer fracture zones in limestone in the Bamianshan deposit in Zhejiang Province (after Geology Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, 2007). 1–Quaternary; 2–hornfelized limestone; 3–marbleized limestone; 4–fluoritized limestone; 5–marble; 6–limestone; 7–granite; 8–granite porphyry; 9–fracture zone; 10–fluorite ore body; 11–attitude; 12–borehole and number; 13–Lower Ordovician Yinzhubu Formation; 14–Upper Cambrian Xiyangshan Formation; 15–Upper Cambrian Huayansi Formation; 16–Cambrian Yangliugang Formation.
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Figure 6.
Steeply-inclined veined ore body in the tectonic zone in the Bamianshan deposit in Zhejiang Province (after Geology Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, 2007). 1–Quaternary; 2–hornstonized limestone; 3–marbleized limestone; 4–fluoritized limestone; 5–marble; 6–limestone; 7–granite; 8–granite porphyry; 9–fracture zone; 10–fluorite ore body; 11–attitude; 12–borehole and number; 13–Lower Ordovician Yinzhubu Formation; 14–Upper Cambrian Xiyangshan Formation.
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Figure 7.
Profile map of Shizhuyuan tungsten-stannum-molybdenum-bismuth fluorite deposit in Chen County, Hunan Province (after Wang JP et al., 2014). 1–margin-facies, fine granular, porphyritic biotite granite of the first intrusive body in the Early Yanshanian; 2–fine granular biotite granite of the second intrusive body in the early yanshanian; 3–marble; 4–stockwork marble-type ore zone; 5–skarn-type ore zone; 6–greisen stockwork - skarn composite ore zone; 7–greisen-type ore zone.
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Figure 8.
Longitudinal profile of Sumoqagan Obo fluorite deposit in Inner Mongolia (after Nie FJ et al., 2008). 1–carbonaceous argillaceous slate interbedded with crystalline limestone of Dashizhai Formation; 2–rhyolite of Dashizai Formation; 3–marble lens; 4–skarn; 5–fluorite ore body; 6–borehole and number.
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Figure 9.
Geologic map of Qiyishan fluorite mining area, Inner Mongolia (after Zhao SM et al., 2002). 1–alluvial and proluvial sand gravel; 2–andesitic tuff and sandy slate; 3–andesite and dacite; 4–marble; 5–Late Yanshanian granite; 6–quartz orthophyre; 7–fluorite-bearing chert vein; 8–chert mineralized vein; 9–fluorite mineralized vein; 10–geological boundary; 11–stratum attitude.
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Figure 10.
Distribution of metallogenic epochs of main fluorite deposits (a) and different scales of fluorite deposits (b) in China.
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Figure 11.
Map of metallogenic zones/belts of fluorite deposits in China.