| Citation: |
Qing-tian Lü, Jia-yong Yan, Xuan-hua Chen, He-sheng Hou, Wen-shi Wang, Yu-le Hu, 2020. Progress of Deep Geological Survey Project under the China Geological Survey, China Geology, 3, 153-172. doi: 10.31035/cg2020001
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Progress of Deep Geological Survey Project under the China Geological Survey
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Abstract
Serving as a way to understand the material composition, structure, and dynamic process of the Earth’s interior, deep earth exploration is driven by not only mankind’s pursuit of natural mysteries but also mankind’s basic need to obtain resources and guarantee economic and social development. The first phase of deep earth exploration of China (SinoProbe) was carried out from 2008 to 2016 and tremendous results were achieved. In 2016, the China Geological Survey launched a Deep Geological Survey Project (also referred to as the Project) to continuously explore the deep Earth. Focusing on the national energy resources strategy, the Belt and Road Initiative, and major basic issues of the geological survey, the Project was carried out in Songliao Basin (an important energy base in China) and major geological boundaries and tectonic units including Qilian Mountains-Tianshan Mountains and Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt. The purpose of it is to reveal the process, structure, and forming patterns of the deep ore deposits and petroleum reservoirs, clarify the evolutionary pattern and controlling factors of Mesozoic environmental climate, and discover deep fine structures of key orogens, basins, and mountains by comprehensive geophysical exploration and scientific drilling. Great achievements have been obtained after more than three years of efforts, including a cumulative 1552 km of deep seismic reflection profiles and magnetotelluric profiles, an ultra-deep continental scientific drilling well, a scientific drilling pilot hole, and a magnetotelluric array and a portable broadband seismic array, both of which cover South China. Moreover, significant progress has been made in ultra-deep drilling technology, deep oil and gas discovery in Songliao Basin, and basic geological issues of Qilian Orogen and Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt in South China, greatly accelerating the deep earth exploration in China and further consolidating China’s position as a power in deep earth exploration.
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References
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Qing-tian Lü, Jia-yong Yan, Xuan-hua Chen, He-sheng Hou, Wen-shi Wang, Yu-le Hu, 2020. Progress of Deep Geological Survey Project under the China Geological Survey, China Geology, 3, 153-172. doi: 10.31035/cg2020001
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Figure 1.
Schematic map of project distribution and locations of deep reflection seismic profiles and scientific drilling of the Project.
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Figure 2.
Temperature logging curve of Well SK-2 (after Hou HS et al., 2018).
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Figure 3.
Interpretation model of the NE-trending deep seismic reflection profile covering Well SK-2. SK-2−Well SK-2; T2−top boundary of Quantou Formation; T4−top boundary of Yingchengzi Formation;
${\rm{T}}_{\rm{4}}^{\rm{2}}$ −bottom boundary of Shahezi Formation (after Hou HS et al., 2018). -
Figure 4.
Statistical histogram of the lithology of the layers with gas logging abnormality and thickness of Shahezi formation revealed by Well SK-2 (after Hou HS et al., 2018).
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Figure 5.
Broadband seismic array of South China.
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Figure 6.
Magnetotelluric array of South China.
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Figure 7.
Jiangnan Orogen boundary determined based on the regional geophysical survey. South boundary of Jiangnan Orogen, F1−south boundary of Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt; F2−north boundary of Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt; F3−north boundary of Jiangnan Orogen. The base map is a China geologic map on a scale of 1∶2500000, the lines represent multiscale edge detection results: The colors changing from blue to red reflect the boundary varies from shallow to deep.
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Figure 8.
Vertical interfaces of Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt and its adjacent areas.
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Figure 9.
Diagrams of the tectonic evolution of the eastern section of Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt (after Song et al., 2019).
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Figure 10.
Tectonic features of YMTS on deep seismic reflection profile (after Chen XH et al., 2019a). a−shallow reflection image achieved by precise processing of the Yumu Mountain section of the deep seismic reflection profile NQL-2016; b−tectonic interpretation of the seismic image. Q4−Holocene; Q3−Upper Pleistocene; N2−Pliocene; N1−Miocene; K1−Lower Cretaceous; C-P−Carboniferous-Permian; D−Devonian; PreS−pre-Silurian; S−Silurian. NYMF−fault on the north rim of Yumu Mountain; SYMF−fault on the south rim of Yumu Mountain; LYF−Liyuanbao Fault; DGF−Dagengzi Fault; XGF−Xiaogengxi Fault.
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Figure 11.
Oil grease and bloom outcrops in Cretaceous strata in Mutougou and Carboniferous carbonaceous shale in Yumu Mountain (after Chen XH et al., 2019a). a–b–oil grease and bloom indication in the first section; c–d–oil grease and bloom indication in the second section; e–carbonaceous shale in the third section (Carboniferous); K1–lower Cretaceous red mudstone; C-P–Carboniferous-Permian yellow sandstone; C–Carboniferous carbonaceous shale; F1–early faults; F2–late faults.
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Figure 12.
Tectonic interpretation of the magnetotelluric sounding inversion profile (QLAL-2017MT) (after Chen XH et al., 2019a). a–shallow inversion profile formed by a conjugate gradient method; b–tectonic interpretation of shallow inversion profile; c–the mid-deep inversion profile formed by a conjugate gradient method; d–tectonic interpretation of the mid-deep inversion profile. NQDF–fault on the north margin of Qaidam Basin; NZF–fault of North Zongwulong Mountain; NTJF–fault on the north margin of Tianjun Basin; SCQLF–fault on the south margin of Central Qilian Block; NMLF–fault on the north margin of Muli Basin; NCQLF–fault on the north margin of Central Qilian Block; SYNF–fault on the south margin of Yeniugou; CMF–Changma-Ebo fault; NQLF–fault on the north margin of Qilian Mountains; YN–thrust nappe structure of Yumu Mountain; NYMF–fault on the north margin of Yumu Mountain; LSF–Longshou Mountain fault; JTF–Jinta fault; SYEF–fault on the South margin of Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin. J-Cz–Cenozoic sedimentary rocks; Pt1–Paleoproterozoic; S–Silurian; K-Cz–Cretaceous and Cenozoic; P-T–Permian to Triassic; Pz1–Early Palaeozoic; Cz–Cretaceous; Ar-P–Archean to Permian.