Citation: | Zhao-wei Zhang, Ya-lei Wang, Chi-yuan Wang, Bing Qian, Wen-yuan Li, Jiang-wei Zhang, Min-xin You, 2019. Mafic-ultramafic magma activity and copper-nickel sulfide metallogeny during Paleozoic in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt, Qinghai Province, China, China Geology, 2, 467-477. doi: 10.31035/cg2018124 |
The Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) has a complex geological structure and diverse magmatic activities, which are closely related to the Qaidam Basin and the Tethys tectonic evolution. There are at least 3 stages mafic-ultramafic rocks occurred in the Early Paleozoic in EKOB. The first stage is the Later-Silurian to Early Devonian, represented by the giant Xiarihamu super large magmatic Cu-Ni deposit, containing about 1.18 million metric tons (Mt) of nickel with average grades of 0.65% Ni, and its age of ore-forming pyroxene peridotite is 411 Ma; The second stage is the Early Carboniferous, represented by the large Shitoukengde magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, and its ore-forming age of the olivine websterite is 334 Ma; The third stage of mafic-ultramafic rocks occurred mainly during the Middle-Late Triassic, represented by Xiaojianshan, Lalinggaoli, and Kaimuqi complexes, and no economical ore bodies have been found in this period. The authors summarized the difference between the ore-bearing and the non-mineralized mafic-ultramafic rocks in the EKOB. The olivine of the ore-bearing complexes contains higher MgO and SiO2 content but lower FeO and CaO contents, and the clinopyroxene of ore-bearing complexes contains lower FeO and CaO contents. Crustal sulfur contamination is key to the formation of the giant Xiarihamu Ni deposit, and crustal sulfur contamination degree of the giant magmatic Ni deposit is higher than that of large Ni deposit. The above indicators could guide the exploration and evaluation of similar deposits in the EKOB.
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The sketch regional geological map of mafic-ultramafic rocks and magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in Eastern Kunlun (after Zhang ZW et al., 2018a). Age resources were listed in Table 1.
Geological map (a), cross-section (b), and ore feature (c-f) of the Xiarihamu magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the EKOB (after Zhang ZW et al., 2018a). c−Dense-disseminated sulfide ore; d−patchy sulfide ore; e−f−photomicrograph of typical ore minerals.
Geological map (a) and cross-section (b) of the Shitoukengde magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in EKOB (after Zhang ZW et al., 2018a). c−Injected massive ore; d−disseminated sulfide ore; e−photomicrograph of typical ore minerals.
Simplified geology map of the Xiaojinashan intrusion (after Wang YL et al., 2017). Po–pyrrhotite and Pn–pentlandite.
Comparison of the olivine and clinopyroxene compositions from the Xiarihamu giant Cu-Ni deposit and the no mineralized mafic-ultramafic rocks (after Liu YG et al., 2019a).
The crust sulfur contamination degree of Xiarihamu and Shitoukengde mafic-ultramafic rock.