| Citation: |
Bai-dong Sun, Jun-ping Liu, Xiao-hu Wang, Yan Dao, Gui-xiang Xu, Xiao-zhuang Cui, Xue-qing Guan, Wei Wang, Dong-hu Song, 2019. Geochemical characteristics and genetic type of a lithium ore (mineralized) body in the central Yunnan Province, China, China Geology, 2, 287-300. doi: 10.31035/cg2018118
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Geochemical characteristics and genetic type of a lithium ore (mineralized) body in the central Yunnan Province, China
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Abstract
Lithium ore (mineralized) bodies in the area A of central Yunnan Province belong to a sedimentary-type, which are controlled by stratum. The studied ore (mineralized) body mainly occurs in the Middle Permian Liangshan Formation. This work described the morphology, structures, main ore types and geochemical characteristics of this ore body in detail, and discussed the ore-forming material source, occurrence state of lithium and the formation mechanism of lithium ores to clarify the prospecting marks. In the further exploration, comprehensive evaluation of the lithium resources of known bauxite ore bodies in central Yunnan Province should be strengthened, and the exploration of hidden lithium ore bodies should be intensified in order to discover more large and super-large lithium orebodies, which will fill the gap of the national demand for lithium resources, and promote the national defense construction and new energy industry development.
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References
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Bai-dong Sun, Jun-ping Liu, Xiao-hu Wang, Yan Dao, Gui-xiang Xu, Xiao-zhuang Cui, Xue-qing Guan, Wei Wang, Dong-hu Song, 2019. Geochemical characteristics and genetic type of a lithium ore (mineralized) body in the central Yunnan Province, China, China Geology, 2, 287-300. doi: 10.31035/cg2018118
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Figure 1.
Map showing regional geology and sampling location of basic volcanic rocks in central Yunnan. 1–Quaternary; 2–Neogene; 3–Triassic-Cretaceous/Jurassic/ Paleogene; 4–Permian; 5–Emeishan Basalt Formation; 6–Yangxin Formation; 7– Liangshan Formation; 8–Sinian-Carboniferous; 9–Huanglong Formation; 10–Zaige Formation; 11–Haikou Formation; 12–Qiongzhusi Formation; 13–Yuhucun Formation; 14–Dengying Formation; 15–Kunyang Group; 16– Dongchuan Group; 17–Yimen Group; 18–basalt; 19–diabase; 20–granite; 21–lithium-rich aluminum ore; 22–fault; 23–stratigraphic boundary; 24–parallel unconformity boundary; 25–angle unconformity boundary; 26–sampling location; 27–cities; 28–counties.
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Figure 2.
Stratigraphic correlation of the Permian Liangshan Formation in the study area.
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Figure 3.
Structural characteristics of the lithium ore body and the sampling location in the area A of central Yunnan. 1–carbonaceous mudstone; 2–aluminous clay rock; 3–brecciated bauxite; 4–cardamom bauxite; 5–dense bauxite; 6–powder-fine crystalline dolomite; 7–dolomite limestone; 8–powder-mud crystal limestone; 9–limonite; 10–Huanglong Formation; 11–Liangshang Formation; 12–Yangxin Formation;13–fault boundary;14–sampling location; 15–bio-chamber limestone.
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Figure 4.
Petrographic characteristics of major rocks and ores from the lithium ore body. a–c–characteristics of oolitic bauxite hand specimen and oolitic and soybean grain structure (showing concentric lamellar structure, being brown black for iron-rich lamellar layer and light yellow for aluminium-rich layer); d, e–hand specimen and textural characteristics of brecciated bauxite; f–textural characteristics of aluminous clay rocks mainly composed of cryptocrystalline illite minerals; g–limonite occurs as spotted and raspberry-like aggregates in ferrous clay rocks; h, i–residual subhedral granular plagioclase phenocrysts in ferric aluminum (basaltic) clay rocks and the characteristics of residual strongly altered micro-slab plagioclase microcrystals with a disorderly distribution to form a frame; j–tourmaline minerals exist in oolitic bauxite; k–strongly altered euhedral plagioclase phenocrysts in oolitic bauxite; l–angular basaltic volcanic clasts or basaltic vitreous clasts in brecciated ores; m–strongly altered euhedral plagioclase phenocrysts in brecciated bauxite; n–strongly altered medium- to fine-grained plagioclase phenocrysts in basaltic (iron-alumina) clay rocks; o–residual strongly altered micro-slab plagioclase microcrystals in basaltic (iron-alumina) in clay rocks, with a discord distribution to form a frame; Chm–Chamosite; Dsp–Diaspore; Bhm–Boehmite; Lm–Limonite; Ill–Illite; Pl–Plagioclase; Tur–Tourmaline.
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Figure 5.
Correlation diagram of Al2O3-SiO2 of ores (lithium-rich breccia bauxite, lithium-rich dense bauxite, soybean meal bauxite, lithium-rich soybean meal bauxite, lithium-rich aluminum clay rock).
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Figure 6.
Correlation diagrams between Al2O3 vs. V, Zr, Hf, Th in different types of lithium ore samples
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Figure 7.
Binary diagram of Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs.Ta.
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Figure 8.
REE-La/Yb diagram of lithium ore sample.
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Figure 9.
Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of different types of lithium ore, bottom carbonate rock and basic volcanic rock samples in adjacent areas.
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Figure 10.
X-ray powder diffraction spectra of main types of lithium ore samples in the study area.
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Figure 11.
Microstructures of different types of reformed lithium ores. a–Non-uniform limonite mineralization characteristics of chlorite-free smectite distributed in soybean-like bauxite; b–microscopic characteristics of slump structure in compact bauxite; Chm–Chamosite; Lm–Limonite; Ant–Anatase; Bhm–Boehmite; Dsp–Diaspore.
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Figure 12.