Coastal erosion in Shandong of China: status and protection challenges

Ping Yin; Xiao-yong Duan; Fei Gao; Mei-na Li; Sheng-hua Lü; Jian-dong Qiu; Liang-yong Zhou

doi:10.31035/cg2018073

2018 Vol. 1, No. 4

Article Contents

Article navigation > China Geology > 2018 > 1(4): 512-521

Next Article Previous Article

Ping Yin, Xiao-yong Duan, Fei Gao, Mei-na Li, Sheng-hua Lü, Jian-dong Qiu, Liang-yong Zhou, 2018. Coastal erosion in Shandong of China: status and protection challenges, China Geology, 1, 512-521. doi: 10.31035/cg2018073

Citation:

Ping Yin, Xiao-yong Duan, Fei Gao, Mei-na Li, Sheng-hua Lü, Jian-dong Qiu, Liang-yong Zhou, 2018. Coastal erosion in Shandong of China: status and protection challenges, China Geology, 1, 512-521. doi: 10.31035/cg2018073

Coastal erosion in Shandong of China: status and protection challenges

a.
Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
b.
Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China

More Information

Corresponding author: pingyin@fro.org.cn (Ping Yin)

Received Date: 15 October 2018

Revised Date: 30 October 2018

Accepted Date: 07 November 2018

Available Online: 05 December 2018

Publish Date: 25 December 2018

Abstract

Abstract

Shandong has more than 70% of natural coasts are under erosion. Coastal erosion started from the 1970’s and became a very serious problem at 1990’s. The dramatic decrease of sediment supplies from rivers caused rapid erosion at the delta and estuary areas, especially in the abandoned Yellow River Delta. Most sandy coasts along the Peninsula were eroded due to lack of sand supply and interruption of alongshore sediment drift, sand dredging from the beach or the offshore area caused serious erosion during short time. Sea-level rise causes slow but constant shoreline retreats and became a more serious threat. Different types of hard solutions for coastal protection against erosion were used in Shandong. Seawalls are most widely used, especially at the Yellow River Delta and city center waterfront. Groynes, jetties and breakwater are used on the north and east sandy coast of the Peninsula. Hard approaches are effective to protect the coast erosion but not change the erosion causes and led secondary impact on the coast. Soft engineering solution or the combined solutions are taken into acts. Beach nourishment is mostly considered as the better soft solution, especially to those tourists attracting sandy beaches along the Shandong coast. Long term monitoring and continuous lessons learning from the coastal erosion management will be adaptive for better coast solution in the future.
- Coastal erosion /
- Coastal protection /
- Beach nourishment /
- Shangdong, China

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	Bao SL, Yu ZY, Liu CZ, Zhang GA. 2003. Approach to the evolution model of sand coast erosion-a case study of eroded coast in south Shandong of China. The Ocean Engineering, 21(3), 94–99. Google Scholar
[2]	Cai F, Su XZ, Liu JH, Li B, Lei G. 2009. Coastal erosion in China under the condition of global climate change and measures for its prevention. Progress in Natural Science, 19(4), 415–426. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.05.034 CrossRef Google Scholar
[3]	Chang RF, Zhuang ZY, Wu JZ. 1993. Retrogression and protection of the northwest coast of the Shandong Peninsula. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 23(3), 60–68. Google Scholar
[4]	Chen G, Li CX. 1991. The study of classification and erosion of the coastline in Rongcheng County. Journal of Tongji University, (3), 295–305. Google Scholar
[5]	Chen X, Zong Y. 1998. Coastal erosion along the Changjiang deltaic shoreline, China: history and prospective. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 46(5), 733–742. doi: 10.1006/ecss.1997.0327 CrossRef Google Scholar
[6]	Chen XY. 2008. Coastal erosion and sedimentary environment of the modern Yellow River Delta under land and sea interaction. Doctor’s thesis of East China Normal University. Google Scholar
[7]	Chu ZX, Sun XG, Zhai SK, Xu KH. 2006. Changing pattern of accretion/erosion of the modern Yellow River (Huanghe) subaerial delta, China: Based on remote sensing images. Marine Geology, 227(1), 13–30. Google Scholar
[8]	Chu Z. 2014. The dramatic changes and anthropogenic causes of erosion and deposition in the lower Yellow (Huanghe) River since 1952. Geomorphology, 216, 171–179. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.009 CrossRef Google Scholar
[9]	Cui M, Niu XR, Zhang XL. 2012. The origin and countermeasures of coastal erosion of Qingdao City. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 28(05), 283–288. Google Scholar
[10]	Feng AP, Xia DX, Gu DQ, WU SY Li CX. 2006. Study on process and cause of the coastal erosion along the south coast of the Laizhou Bay. Adv. Marin. Sci, 24(1), 83–90. Google Scholar
[11]	Gao LY, Han MK. 2003. Some issues on littoral zone mining, coastal erosion and response strategies on northern coast of Shandong Peninsula. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 10(3), 109–113. Google Scholar
[12]	Gault J, O’Hagan A M, Cummins V, MurphyJ, Vialb T. 2011. Erosion management in Inch beach, South West Ireland. Ocean & coastal management, 54(12), 930–942. Google Scholar
[13]	Hinkel J, Nicholls R J, Tol R S J, Wang ZB, Hamilton J M, Boot G, Vafeidis A T, McFadden L, Ganopolski A, Klein R J T. 2013. A global analysis of erosion of sandy beaches and sea-level rise: An application of DIVA. Global and Planetary change, 111, 150–158. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.09.002 CrossRef Google Scholar
[14]	Huang G. 2011. Time lag between reduction of sediment supply and coastal erosion. International Journal of Sediment Research, 26(1), 27–35. doi: 10.1016/S1001-6279(11)60073-5 CrossRef Google Scholar
[15]	Li B, Zhuang ZY, Cao LH, Du FC. 2013. Countermeasures against coastal erosion for protection of the sandy coast in Shangdong Province. Marine Geology Frontiers, 29(5), 47–55. Google Scholar
[16]	Li GX, Gong LX, Yang JC, Ding D, Li B. 2013. Beach erosion along the coast of Shangdong Province and protection countermeasures. Marine geology and Quaternary geology, 33(5), 35–46. Google Scholar
[17]	Li X, Zhou YX, Tian B, Kuang RY, Wang LH. 2015. GIS-based methodology for erosion risk assessment of the muddy coast in the Yangtze Delta. Ocean & Coastal Management, 108, 97–108. Google Scholar
[18]	Liu JH, 2008. Study on the response of coastal geomorphology in the Northwest of Penglai after sand–dredging from Dengzhou Shoal. Master 's thesis of Ludong University. Google Scholar
[19]	Liu SH, Feng AP, Du J, Xia DX, Hu WF. 2014. Sediment transport and morphodynamic model of the Sanshan Dao sandy coast area, East of Laizhou Bay. Advances in Marine Science, 32(3), 343–354. Google Scholar
[20]	Luo SL, Cai F, Liu HJ, Lei G,Qi HS, Su X. 2015. Adaptive measures adopted for risk reduction of coastal erosion in the People's Republic of China. Ocean & Coastal Management, 103, 134–145. Google Scholar
[21]	Luo SL, Liu YH, Jin RF, Zhang JP, Wei W. 2016. A guide to coastal management: Benefits and lessons learned of beach nourishment practices in China over the past two decades. Ocean & Coastal Management, 134, 207–215. Google Scholar
[22]	Luo S, Wang H, Cai F. 2013. An integrated risk assessment of coastal erosion based on fuzzy set theory along Fujian coast, southeast China. Ocean & coastal management, 84, 68–76. Google Scholar
[23]	Mulder J P M, Hommes S, Horstman E M. 2011. Implementation of coastal erosion management in the Netherlands. Ocean & coastal management, 54(12), 888–897. Google Scholar
[24]	Nhuan M T, Van Ngoi C. 2012. An analysis of coastal erosion in the tropical rapid accretion delta of the Red River, Vietnam. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 43(1), 98–109. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.08.014 CrossRef Google Scholar
[25]	North China Sea Branh of State Oceanic Administration, Bulletin of marine disasters in North China Sea, 2013. (http://www.ncsb.gov.cn/n1/n70003/index.html) Google Scholar
[26]	Rangel–Buitrago N G, Anfuso G, Williams A T. 2015. Coastal erosion along the Caribbean coast of Colombia: Magnitudes, causes and management. Ocean & Coastal Management, 114, 129–144. Google Scholar
[27]	Van Rijn LC. 2011. Coastal erosion and control. Ocean & Coastal Management, 54(12), 867–887. Google Scholar
[28]	Wang HJ, Yang ZS, Saito Y, Liu P, Sun XX, Wang Y. 2007. Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment load (1950-2005): Impacts of climate change and human activities. Global and Planetary Change, 57(3), 331–354. Google Scholar
[29]	Wang JB, Zhang J, Zhou XJ, Xu HP, Tian Z. 2014. Study on remote sensing monitoring of erosion along the coast between Longkou and Zhifu, Yantai. Coastal engineering, 33(1), 51–59. Google Scholar
[30]	Wang XH, Cho YK, Guo X, Wu CR, Zhou JL. 2015. The status of coastal oceanography in heavily impacted Yellow and East China Sea: Past trends, progress, and possible futures. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163, 235–243. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.05.039 CrossRef Google Scholar
[31]	Wu SY. 1992. The relation between geomorphic environment and coastal erosion in the west of Penglai County, Shandong Province. Coastal engineering, (4), 46–52. Google Scholar
[32]	Wu T, Hou X, Xu X. 2014. Spatio-temporal characteristics of the mainland coastline utilization degree over the last 70 years in China. Ocean & Coastal Management, 98, 150–157. Google Scholar
[33]	Wu XQ, Gao M, Wang D, Wang Y, Lu QS, Zhang ZD. 2012. Framework and practice of integrated coastal zone management in Shandong Province, China. Ocean & coastal management, 69, 58–67. Google Scholar
[34]	Wu X, Bi NS, Yuan P, Wang HG. 2015. Sediment dispersal and accumulation off the present Huanghe (Yellow River) delta as impacted by the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme. Continental Shelf Research, 111, 126–138. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2015.11.003 CrossRef Google Scholar
[35]	Xia DX, Wu GQ, Yang M. 1999. Study on Marine Disasters in Shandong Province. Ocean Press. Google Scholar
[36]	Xu ZJ, Zhang XL, Zhao H. 2010. Coastal erosion in Shandong Peninsula and Yellow River Delta and related countermeasures. Sci. Technol. Rev, 28(10), 90–95. Google Scholar
[37]	Yin YH, Zhou YQ, D D. 2004. Evolultion of modern Yellow River Delta coast. Marine Science Bulletin, 23(2), 32–40. Google Scholar
[38]	Zhu GR, Xie ZL, Xu XG, Ma ZW. 2016. The landscape change and theory of orderly reclamation sea based on coastal management in rapid industrialization area in Bohai Bay, China. Ocean & Coastal Management, 133, 128–137. Google Scholar
[39]	Zhuang ZY, Yin P, Wu JZ, Zhuang LH. 2000. Coastal erosion and its influence on southern Shandong sandy coast. Marin. Geol. Quat. Geol., 20(3), 15–21. Google Scholar