Citation: | Ke Cao, 2018. Cretaceous terrestrial deposits in China, China Geology, 1, 402-414. doi: 10.31035/cg2018045 |
As an important part of an epidermic system, terrestrial deposits can provide a good record of major geological events in the Cretaceous epidemic system. This article is a review of the geological background, paleogeography, paleoclimate, basin evolution and sedimentary characteristics in China through the Cretaceous period, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding for interested researchers. During the Berriasian-Hauterivian age, red-mainly fluvial and shallow lacustrine deposition developed under arid and semi-arid climates in westen China when eastern China had been occupied by the “East Plateau”. During the Barremian-Albian, age coal-bearing depositions occurred to the north of the Yanshan Mountain under the wet and warm climate. However, mainly red fluvial and shallow lacustrine depositions prevailed in most of the south to the Yanshan Mountain except basins where seawater could enter and caused mostly green depositions. During the Cenomanian-Santonian age, high land uplift took place in northwestern China. Mainly red deposition with developed alluvial plains occupied southwestern China and South China when the Songliao Basin was filled by black deep lacustrine mud shale caused by transgression. Mainly red deposition under an arid and semi-arid climate occupied all basins in China during the Campanian-Maastrichtian age.
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Cretaceous terrestrial stratigraphic correlation in China (modified from Cao K, 2013). Basins code description referring to Fig. 4.
Schematic diagram of the terrestrial Cretaceous stratigraphic area in China. The base map is the early Cretaceous basin distribution diagram. Basin codes correspond to Fig. 1.
The main basin sedimentary sequence comparison chart in Cretaceous, China (with no scale, the color in the Fig.3 represents the main color of the stratum).
Cretaceous terrestrial sedimentary basins in China. The main faults were from Wan TF (2012). The basins were prototype basins recovered by former researchers (Li YQ et al., 2016; Feng ZQ et al., 2010). The sea boundary was concluded from the distribution of marine strata. a–Berriasian-Hauterivian; b–Barremian-Albian; c–Cenomanian-Santonian; d–Campanian-Maastrichtian Mountain: M1–Da Hinggan mountain; M2–Yinshan-Yanshan mountain; M3–Taihang mountain; M4–Qinling-Dabie mountain; M5–Huaying mountain; M6–Helan mountain; M7–Liupan mountain; M8–Qilian mountain; M9–Tianshan mountain; M10–Sulu orogenic belt. Fault: F1–Tan-Lu fault belt; F2–Altun fault; F3–Jinshajiang-Red river fault; F4–Longmen mountain fault; F5–Ganzhou-Hangzhou fault; F6–Zhenghe-Dapu fault; F7–Bangong-Nujiang Suture. Basin: BH–Bohai bay basin; BHH–North South Sea basin; BS–Baisha basin; CD–Qaidam basin; CS–Chaoshan Basin; CX–Chuxiong basin; DH–East China Sea basin; EE–Ordos basin; EL–Erlian basin; GH–Genhe basin; HF–Hefei basin; SB–Subei basin; HL–Hailaer basin; HY–Hengyang basin; JH–Jianghan basin; JL–Jiaolai basin; JQ–Jinqu basin; JY–Jiayin basin; LB–Labudalin basin; LP– Lanping-Simao basin; MH–Mohe basin; NH–South North China basin; NHH–South South Sea basin; NY–Nanyang basin; SC–Sichuan basin; SJ–Sanjiang basin; SL–Songliao basin; SW–Shiwan mountain basin; TH–Turpan-Hami basin; TL–Tarim basin; YE–Yingen-Ejinaqi basin; YM–Yuanma basin; ZG–Junggar basin; ZL–Zoulang basin.
Cretaceous sedimentary palaeogeography evolution (Berriasian-Hauterivian)
Cretaceous sedimentary palaeogeography evolution (Barremian-Albian)
Cretaceous sedimentary palaeogeography (Cenomanian-Santonian)
Cretaceous sedimentary palaeogeography (Campanian-Maastrichtian)