Citation: | Neng-you Wu, Chang-ling Liu, Xi-luo Hao, 2018. Experimental simulations and methods for natural gas hydrate analysis in China, China Geology, 1, 61-71. doi: 10.31035/cg2018008 |
This paper provides an overview of the developments in analytical and testing methods and experimental simulations on gas hydrate in China. In the laboratory, the analyses and experiments of gas hydrate can provide useful parameters for hydrate exploration and exploitation. In recent years, modern analytical instruments and techniques, including Laser Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), scanning electron microscope (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high pressure differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), were applied in the study of structure, formation mechanisms, phase equilibrium, thermal physical properties and so forth of gas hydrates . The detection technology and time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technique are integrated to the experimental devices to study the physical parameters of gas hydrates, such as the acoustics, resistivity, thermal and mechanical properties. It is believed that the various analytical techniques together with the experimental simulations from large-scale to micro-scale on gas hydrate will play a significant role and provide a powerful support for future gas hydrate researches.
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Analytical and experimental simulation system for gas hydrate study.
Summary of the laser Raman spectra of gas hydrates artificially produced and naturally occurring in different regions. PRM: Pearl River Mouth Basin, SH: Shenhu area, QMP: Qilian Mountain Permafrost (modified from Liu C et al., 2015a and Meng Q et al., 2015a).
The in situ MRI images of the dissociation process of THF hydrate with a THF to water molar ratio of 1:68 ( modified from Meng Q et al., 2012). The brighter area represents the solution generated by the dissociation of THF hydrate, while the darker area represents the solid THF hydrate. The MRI images show that the dissociation occurred first at the inner wall of the sample chamber. As time went on, solid THF hydrate would suspend in the solution, and finally decompos. The artifact showing in the images was caused by the fluid convection flow, owing to the uneven temperature.
The growth and distribution of gas hydrate in the sediments collected from the South China Sea (modified from Li et al., 2016). Black: methane gas, blue-green: NaCl solution, yellow: methane hydrate, bright white: foraminifera shells, grey: sediment. (a)&(b) show the 2D section of the dried and wet sediment samples before methane hydrate formation. The NaCl solution filled the majority of the foraminifera shells. (c) shows the growth of hydrates inside the foraminifera shells and pore spaces. (d) illustrates the 3D mapping of hydrates and free water inside and outside a single foraminifer therein.
Relationship between δ13C and δD of CH4 dissociated from natural gas hydrates collected from different regions.
Acoustic velocities and the corresponding hydrate morphology during hydrate formation (modified from Hu et al., 2014b). In the first stage of hydrate formation, the dominant hydrate cementing morphology causes a significant increase in velocity; in the second stage, the dominant floating hydrate morphology causes a slow increase in velocities; after hydrate saturation was higher than 60%, the dominant hydrate cementing morphology brought large increases in both Vp and Vs.