Holocene sedimentary environment transform and onset time of Pearl River Delta progradation

ZHANG Shaoxuan; TANG Yongjie; ZHENG Cuimei; CHEN Zhen; ZHENG Zhuo

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2020030701

2020 Vol. 40, No. 5

Article Contents

Article navigation > Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology > 2020 > 40(5): 107-117

Next Article Previous Article

ZHANG Shaoxuan, TANG Yongjie, ZHENG Cuimei, CHEN Zhen, ZHENG Zhuo. Holocene sedimentary environment transform and onset time of Pearl River Delta progradation[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(5): 107-117. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2020030701

Citation:

ZHANG Shaoxuan, TANG Yongjie, ZHENG Cuimei, CHEN Zhen, ZHENG Zhuo. Holocene sedimentary environment transform and onset time of Pearl River Delta progradation[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(5): 107-117. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2020030701

Holocene sedimentary environment transform and onset time of Pearl River Delta progradation

1.
School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2.
Guangdong Laboratory of Marine Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHENG Zhuo, eeszzhuo@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Received Date: 07 March 2020

Revised Date: 20 May 2020

Publish Date: 25 October 2020

Abstract

Abstract

The Pearl River Delta is mainly formed in Holocene by the sediments from the Xijiang, Beijiang and Dongjiang rivers as the results of sea-land interaction. Owing to the complexity of topography in the deltaic area, there remain some key questions to be solved, such as the spatio- temporal variation in depositional processes, onset time of delta progradation, variation in sedimentation rate and transgression -regression patterns. Boreholes at many sites have revealed that there are significant sedimentary discontinuities during the transformation from marine to fluvial environment and vice versa. In this paper, detailed investigation is devoted to the lithology, grain size distribution, magnetic susceptibility, microfossils and chronology of two typical cores, upon the correlation with over 20 cores from the region. Sea-land interaction models are established for the deltaic sequences. Results show that the age of the bottom of the marine sediments is diachronous from place to place. It is about 11 kaBP in the Lingding estuary, but 9～8 kaBP in the Panyu-Sanshui area due to the time delay during sea water transgression following the incised-valley; Various sedimentary environments such as estuaries and tidal flats as the components of the delta front facies appeared in different localities during high sea-level period. Affected by the land topography, sedimentation rate in some places may be as high as～4 cm/a. In many drilling holes, the transformation from marine progradation to retrogradation is often observed, while the fine sand components increase in contents, magnetic susceptibility rapidly increases, and the amount of ocean foraminifera decreases. At the same time, facies changes occur from coastal facies to tributary bays, crevasse splay, or river alluvial facies under a reticulated water system. The delta front facies, mostly tide-dominated, transformed to the delta plain facies around 4～3 kaBP, with distinct discontinuities, indicating the intensification of late Holocene underwater erosion by the Pearl River.
- Holocene /
- marine transgression and regression /
- depositional model /
- grain-size analysis /
- the Pearl River Delta

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	黄镇国, 李平日, 张仲英, 等. 珠江三角洲第四纪沉积特征[J]. 地质论评, 1985, 31(2):159-164 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1985.02.008 CrossRef Google Scholar HUANG Zhenguo, LI Pingri, ZHANG Zhongying, et al. Characteristics of the Quaternary deposits in the Zhujiang (Pearl) delta [J]. Geological Review, 1985, 31(2): 159-164. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1985.02.008 CrossRef Google Scholar
[2]	郑卓, 汤永杰, 郑艳伟, 等. 西江―北江及珠江三角洲汇流区全新世泥炭腐木层时空分布与环境变化[J]. 热带地理, 2016, 36(3):313-325 Google Scholar ZHENG Zhuo, TANG Yongjie, ZHENG Yanwei, et al. Environmental changes inferred from spatial-temporal distribution of Holocene buried peat layers in lower reaches of the Xijiang and Beijiang and the river confluence of Pearl River Delta [J]. Tropical Geography, 2016, 36(3): 313-325. Google Scholar
[3]	陈国能, 张珂, 贺细坤, 等. 珠江三角洲晚更新世以来的沉积—古地理[J]. 第四纪研究, 1994(1):67-74 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.1994.01.007 CrossRef Google Scholar CHEN Guoneng, ZHANG Ke, HE Xikun, et al. Paleo-geographic evolution of the Pearl River Delta since the Late Pleistocene [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1994(1): 67-74. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.1994.01.007 CrossRef Google Scholar
[4]	李平日, 黄镇国, 张仲英, 等. 珠江三角洲的第四纪地层[J]. 地理科学, 1984, 4(2):133-142 Google Scholar LI Pingri, HUANG Zhenguo, ZHANG Zhongying, et al. Quaternary stratigraphy in the Zhujiang Delta [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1984, 4(2): 133-142. Google Scholar
[5]	宗永强, 黄光庆, 熊海仙, 等. 珠江三角洲晚第四纪地层、海平面变化与构造运动的关系[J]. 热带地理, 2016, 36(3):326-333 Google Scholar ZONG Yongqiang, HUANG Guangqing, XIONG Haixian, et al. Relationship between Late Quaternary lithostratigraphy, sea-level change and tectonics in the Pearl River Delta [J]. Tropical Geography, 2016, 36(3): 326-333. Google Scholar
[6]	Zong Y Q, Yu F L, Huang G Q, et al. The history of water salinity in the Pearl River estuary, China, during the Late Quaternary [J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2010, 35(10): 1221-1233. doi: 10.1002/esp.2030 CrossRef Google Scholar
[7]	Liu C L, Fürsich F T, Wu J, et al. Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental changes documented by microfaunas and shell stable isotopes in the southern Pearl River Delta plain, South China [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2013, 2(4): 344-361. Google Scholar
[8]	陈双喜, 赵信文, 黄长生, 等. 珠江三角洲晚第四纪环境演化的沉积响应[J]. 地质通报, 2016, 35(10):1734-1744 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2016.10.021 CrossRef Google Scholar CHEN Shuangxi, ZHAO Xinwen, HUANG Changsheng, et al. Sedimentary response to the Late Quaternary envi-ronmental evolution in Pearl River Delta [J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2016, 35(10): 1734-1744. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2016.10.021 CrossRef Google Scholar
[9]	黄康有, 何嘉卉, 宗永强, 等. 珠江三角洲三水盆地早全新世以来孢粉分析与古环境重建[J]. 热带地理, 2016, 36(3):364-373 Google Scholar HUANG Kangyou, HE Jiahui, ZONG Yongqiang, et al. Holocene paleoenvironment reconstruction based on pollen data in the Sanshui Basin, northern Pearl River Delta [J]. Tropical Geography, 2016, 36(3): 364-373. Google Scholar
[10]	余少华, 陈芳, 谢叶彩, 等. 珠江口万顷沙晚第四纪沉积及古环境重建[J]. 热带地理, 2016, 36(3):374-387 Google Scholar YU Shaohua, CHEN Fang, XIE Yecai, et al. Paleoenvironment reconstruction and sedimentary record in the Wanqingsha area of the Pearl River Estuary [J]. Tropical Geography, 2016, 36(3): 374-387. Google Scholar
[11]	殷鉴, 刘春莲, 吴洁, 等. 珠江三角洲中部晚更新世以来的有孔虫记录与古环境演化[J]. 古地理学报, 2016, 18(4):677-690 doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2016.04.050 CrossRef Google Scholar YIN Jian, LIU Chunlian, WU Jie, et al. Foraminiferal records and palaeoenvironmental changes since the Late Pleistocene in central Pearl River Delta [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2016, 18(4): 677-690. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2016.04.050 CrossRef Google Scholar
[12]	瓦西拉里, 王建华, 陈慧娴, 等. 伶仃洋ZK19孔晚第四纪沉积地球化学特征及其古环境意义[J]. 热带地理, 2016, 36(3):343-354 Google Scholar WAXI Lali, WANG Jianhua, CHEN Huixian, et al. Major and trace elements geochemistry and paleoenvironmental implications of borehole ZK19 in the Lingdingyang Bay of the Pearl River Estuary [J]. Tropical Geography, 2016, 36(3): 343-354. Google Scholar
[13]	蓝先洪. 珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征[J]. 沉积学报, 1996, 14(2):155-162 Google Scholar LAN Xianhong. Sedimentary characteristics of Late Quaternary in the Zhujiang River Delta [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1996, 14(2): 155-162. Google Scholar
[14]	戴仕宝, 杨世伦, 蔡爱民. 51年来珠江流域输沙量的变化[J]. 地理学报, 2007, 62(5):545-554 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.05.011 CrossRef Google Scholar DAI Shibao, YANG Shilun, CAI Aimin. Variation of sediment discharge of the Pearl River Basin from 1955 to 2005 [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(5): 545-554. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.05.011 CrossRef Google Scholar
[15]	韦惺, 吴超羽. 珠江三角洲沉积体与河网干流河道的形成发育[J]. 海洋学报, 2018, 40(7):66-78 Google Scholar WEI Xing, WU Chaoyu. The formation and development of the deposition bodies and main channels in the Zhujiang River Delta [J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2018, 40(7): 66-78. Google Scholar
[16]	黄镇国, 李平日, 张仲英, 等. 珠江三角洲形成发育演变[M]. 广州: 科学普及出版社广州分社, 1982. Google Scholar HUANG Zhenguo, LI Pingri, ZHANG Zhongying, et al. Evolution of the Pearl River Delta[M]. Guanzhou: Science Popularization Press Guangzhou Branch, 1982. Google Scholar
[17]	赵焕庭. 珠江河口演变[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1990. Google Scholar ZHAO Huanting. Evolution of the Pearl River Estuary[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1990. Google Scholar
[18]	赵信文, 陈双喜, 黄长生, 等. 珠江三角洲陈村钻孔剖面沉积特征及有机碳同位素古环境意义[J]. 地质通报, 2014, 33(10):1635-1641 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2014.10.023 CrossRef Google Scholar ZHAO Xinwen, CHEN Shuangxi, HUANG Changsheng, et al. The sedimentary characteristics of core section from Chencun Village in Pearl River Delta, and their organic carbon isotopic palaeoenvironmental implications [J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2014, 33(10): 1635-1641. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2014.10.023 CrossRef Google Scholar
[19]	刘春莲, 杨婷婷, 吴洁, 等. 珠江三角洲晚第四纪风化层稀土元素地球化学特征[J]. 古地理学报, 2012, 14(1):125-132 doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2012.01.011 CrossRef Google Scholar LIU Chunlian, YANG Tingting, WU Jie, et al. REE geochemical characteristics of mottled clays of the Late Quaternary in the Pearl River Delta [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2012, 14(1): 125-132. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2012.01.011 CrossRef Google Scholar
[20]	韦惺. 全新世以来珠江三角洲的沉积演变模式研究[D]. 中山大学博士学位论文, 2010: 1-210. Google Scholar WEI Xing. Evolution pattern of the Zhujiang River Delta since Holocene[D]. Doctor Dissertation of Sun Yat-sen University, 2010: 1-210. Google Scholar
[21]	庄畅, 刘春莲, 吴洁, 等. 珠江三角洲PRD16孔微体生物记录与晚更新世以来的古环境重建[J]. 中山大学学报: 自然科学版, 2013, 52(3):128-132 Google Scholar ZHUANG Chang, LIU Chunlian, WU Jie, et al. Microfossil records of borehole PRD16 and palaeoenvironment since the Late Pleistocene in the Pearl River Delta [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2013, 52(3): 128-132. Google Scholar
[22]	王建华, 曹玲珑, 王晓静, 等. 珠江三角洲万顷沙地区晚第四纪沉积相与古环境演变[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2009, 29(6):35-41 Google Scholar WANG Jianhua, CAO Linglong, WANG Xiaojing, et al. Evolution of sedimentary facies and paleoenvironment during the Late Quaternary in Wanqingsha area of the Pearl River Delta [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2009, 29(6): 35-41. Google Scholar
[23]	陈炽新, 吴聪, 谢叶彩, 等. 珠江三角洲中山地区ZK201-2钻孔硅藻组合及古环境意义[J]. 微体古生物学报, 2014, 31(4):335-346 Google Scholar CHEN Chixin, WU Cong, XIE Yecai, et al. Diatom assemblages from borehole ZK201-2 in Zhongshan area of the Zhujiang River Delta Guangdong, S. China and their paleoenvironment significance [J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 2014, 31(4): 335-346. Google Scholar
[24]	谢叶彩, 王强, 龙桂, 等. 珠江口小榄镇-万顷沙地区晚更新世以来的海侵层序[J]. 古地理学报, 2014, 16(6):835-852 doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2014.06.067 CrossRef Google Scholar XIE Yecai, WANG Qiang, LONG Gui, et al. Transgressive sequence since the Late Pleistocene in Xiaolan Town-Wanqingsha area, Zhujiang River estuary [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2014, 16(6): 835-852. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2014.06.067 CrossRef Google Scholar
[25]	韦惺, 吴超羽. 全新世以来珠江三角洲的地层层序和演变过程[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2011, 54(10):1523-1541 doi: 10.1007/s11430-011-4238-6 CrossRef Google Scholar WEI Xing, WU Chaoyu. Holocene delta evolution and sequence stratigraphy of the Pearl River Delta in South China [J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2011, 54(10): 1523-1541. doi: 10.1007/s11430-011-4238-6 CrossRef Google Scholar
[26]	黄镇国, 李平日, 张仲英, 等. 珠江三角洲第四系微量元素的指相意义[J]. 热带地理, 1983(1):42-49, 53 Google Scholar HUANG Zhenguo, LI Pingri, ZHANG Zhongying, et al. The referential phase significance of quaternary trace elements in the Pearl River Delta [J]. Tropical Geography, 1983(1): 42-49, 53. Google Scholar
[27]	蓝先洪, 马道修, 徐明广, 等. 珠江三角洲若干地球化学标志及指相意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1987, 7(1):41-51 Google Scholar LAN Xianhong, MA Daoxiu, XU Mingguang, et al. Some geochemical indicators of the Pearl River Delta and their facies significance [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1987, 7(1): 41-51. Google Scholar
[28]	Kissel C, Laj C, Mazaud A, et al. Magnetic anisotropy and environmental changes in two sedimentary cores from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1998, 164(3-4): 617-626. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00223-6 CrossRef Google Scholar
[29]	张振克, 吴瑞金, 王苏民. 岱海湖泊沉积物频率磁化率对历史时期环境变化的反映[J]. 地理研究, 1998, 17(3):297-302 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.1998.03.011 CrossRef Google Scholar ZHANG Zhenke, WU Ruijin, WANG Sumin. Implication of magnetic frequency dependent susceptibility on environmental variation from lacustrine sediment in Daihai Lake [J]. Geographical Research, 1998, 17(3): 297-302. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.1998.03.011 CrossRef Google Scholar
[30]	杨晓强, 李华梅. 泥河湾盆地沉积物磁化率及粒度参数对沉积环境的响应[J]. 沉积学报, 1999, 17(S1):763-768 Google Scholar YANG Xiaoqiang, LI Huamei. The sediment susceptibility and grain-size profile respond to change of depositional environment in Nihewan Basin [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(S1): 763-768. Google Scholar
[31]	吴海斌, 陈发虎, 王建民, 等. 干旱区湖泊沉积物磁组构参数量值特征与环境变化研究[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1999, 19(2):95-102 Google Scholar WU Haibin, CHEN Fahu, WANG Jianmin, et al. Study on magnetic fabric parameters of lake sediments in arid area and environmental changes [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1999, 19(2): 95-102. Google Scholar
[32]	杨晓强, 李华梅. 陆相断陷湖盆沉积物磁组构特征及环境意义——以泥河湾盆地为例[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2000, 20(3):43-52 Google Scholar YANG Xiaoqiang, LI Huamei. Magnetic anisotropy and its environmental significance in limnal faulted basin—Taking the Nihewan Basin as an example [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2000, 20(3): 43-52. Google Scholar
[33]	王秋良, 袁胜元, 李长安. 江汉平原江陵剖面有机碳含量、碳同位素和磁化率的古气候意义[J]. 地质科技情报, 2006, 25(4):59-62 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2006.04.011 CrossRef Google Scholar WANG Qiuliang, YUAN Shengyuan, LI Chang’an. Paleoclimate significance of the total organic carbon and organic carbon isotope and magnetic susceptibility of the Jiangling Section, Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2006, 25(4): 59-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2006.04.011 CrossRef Google Scholar
[34]	张玉芬, 李长安, 王秋良, 等. 江汉平原沉积物磁学特征及对长江三峡贯通的指示[J]. 科学通报, 2008, 53(4):584-590 doi: 10.1007/s11434-008-0111-1 CrossRef Google Scholar ZHANG Yufen, LI Chang’an, WANG Qiuliang, et al. Magnetism parameters characteristics of drilling deposits in Jianghan Plain and indication for forming of the Yangtze River Three Gorges [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008, 53(4): 584-590. doi: 10.1007/s11434-008-0111-1 CrossRef Google Scholar
[35]	汪品先, 闵秋宝, 卞云华. 南黄海西北部底质中有孔虫、介形虫分布规律及其地质意义[M]//汪品先. 海洋微体古生物论文集. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1980. Google Scholar WANG Pinxian, MIN Qiubao, BIAN Yunhua. The distribution and geological significance of foraminifera and ostracoda in the sediment of the northwestern South Yellow Sea[M]//WANG Pinxian. Marine Microbody Paleontology. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1980. Google Scholar
[36]	Buck K F, C Olson H C, Austin J A Jr. Paleoenvironmental evidence for latest Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations on the New Jersey outer continental shelf: combining high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and foraminiferal analysis [J]. Marine Geology, 1999, 154(1-4): 287-304. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00119-4 CrossRef Google Scholar
[37]	Murray J W. Ecology and Applications of Benthic Foraminifera[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Google Scholar
[38]	董艺辛, 刘春莲, 阴家润, 等. 珠江三角洲晚第四纪环境演变的微体生物记录[J]. 古脊椎动物学报, 2007, 45(2):161-172 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3118.2007.02.008 CrossRef Google Scholar DONG Yixin, LIU Chunlian, YIN Jiarun, et al. Late Quaternary microfaunas and paleoenvironmental changes recorded in core sediments of the Pearl River Delta, South China [J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2007, 45(2): 161-172. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3118.2007.02.008 CrossRef Google Scholar
[39]	周洋, 谢叶彩, 陈芳, 等. 珠江三角洲ZK201-2孔晚更新世以来微体生物群与古环境[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015, 35(4):113-123 Google Scholar ZHOU Yang, XIE Yecai, CHEN Fang, et al. Microfaunas in hole ZK201-2 at Zhujiang River Delta since late pleistocene and their implications for paleoenvironments [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2015, 35(4): 113-123. Google Scholar
[40]	Zong Y Q, Huang K Y, Yu F L, et al. The role of sea-level rise, monsoonal discharge and the palaeo-landscape in the early Holocene evolution of the Pearl River delta, southern China [J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2012, 54: 77-88. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.002 CrossRef Google Scholar
[41]	龙云作, 霍春兰. 珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特性[J]. 海洋科学, 1990(4):7-14 Google Scholar LONG Yunzuo, HUO Chunlan. The sedimentation characteristics of Zhujiang River Delta in Late Quaternary [J]. Marine Sciences, 1990(4): 7-14. Google Scholar
[42]	黄镇国, 宗永强. 应用粒度参数区分沉积相——以珠江三角洲为例[J]. 热带地理, 1982, 2(2):37-42 Google Scholar HUANG Zhenguo, ZONG Yongqiang. The application of particle size parameters to distinguish sedimentary facies - A case study of the Pearl River Delta [J]. Tropical Geography, 1982, 2(2): 37-42. Google Scholar
[43]	贾良文, 何志刚, 莫文渊, 等. 全新世以来珠江三角洲快速沉积体的初步研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2010, 32(2):87-95 Google Scholar JIA Liangwen, HE Zhigang, MO Wenyuan, et al. A preliminary study on rapid deposition bodies in the Zhujiang Delta since Holocene [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2010, 32(2): 87-95. Google Scholar
[44]	王晓静, 王建华, 曹玲珑, 等. 广州地区晚第四纪孢粉气候研究[J]. 中山大学学报: 自然科学版, 2010, 49(3):113-121 Google Scholar WANG Xiaojing, WANG Jianhua, CAO Linglong, et al. Late Quaternary pollen records and climate significance in Guangzhou [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2010, 49(3): 113-121. Google Scholar
[45]	张生, 朱诚, 张强, 等. 太湖地区新石器时代以来文化断层的成因探讨[J]. 南京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2002, 38(1):64-73 Google Scholar ZHANG Sheng, ZHU Cheng, ZHANG Qiang, et al. Cultural interruptions since the Neolithic Age recorded in the Diagnostic sediment in the Taihu Lake region, Esastern China [J]. Journal of Nanjing University: Natural Sciences, 2002, 38(1): 64-73. Google Scholar
[46]	张强, 姜彤, 施雅风, 等. 长江三角洲地区1万年以来洪水与气候变化的关系[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2003, 23(3):11-15 Google Scholar ZHANG Qiang, JIANG Tong, SHI Yafeng, et al. Relationship between climatic changes and the flooding occurrence since the Holocene in the Yangtze River Delta region [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2003, 23(3): 11-15. Google Scholar
[47]	张强, 朱诚, 姜逢清, 等. 南京江北地区晚更新世以来环境演变研究[J]. 地理科学, 2001, 21(6):498-504 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2001.06.004 CrossRef Google Scholar ZHANG Qiang, ZHU Cheng, JIANG Fengqing, et al. Environmental changes since Late-Pleistocene in north-bank of Yangtze River, Nanjing [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2001, 21(6): 498-504. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2001.06.004 CrossRef Google Scholar