Impact of fluvial landform changes on the Neolithic settlement distribution in the upper reaches of the Yinghe River

LI Zhongxuan; SUN Yanli; XU Yongxin; GU Lei

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018122501

2020 Vol. 40, No. 2

Article Contents

Article navigation > Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology > 2020 > 40(2): 174-182

Next Article Previous Article

LI Zhongxuan, SUN Yanli, XU Yongxin, GU Lei. Impact of fluvial landform changes on the Neolithic settlement distribution in the upper reaches of the Yinghe River[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(2): 174-182. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018122501

Citation:

LI Zhongxuan, SUN Yanli, XU Yongxin, GU Lei. Impact of fluvial landform changes on the Neolithic settlement distribution in the upper reaches of the Yinghe River[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(2): 174-182. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018122501

Impact of fluvial landform changes on the Neolithic settlement distribution in the upper reaches of the Yinghe River

1.
School of Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
2.
School of Environmental Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China

Received Date: 25 December 2018

Revised Date: 23 February 2019

Publish Date: 25 April 2020

Abstract

Abstract

Fluvial landform change is one of principal elements that constrained the Neolithic settlement processes and direction. In the upper reaches of the Yinghe River, paleo-environmental proxies from layers of the Qianjing Profile, Rb/Sr ratios, magnetic susceptibility and grain size distribution patterns suggest that the weather was hot-wet then in the Yangshao period (circa 7.0～5.0 kaBP), but warm-dry in the Longshan period (circa 4.6～4.1 kaBP). Also, from the stalactite of the Madonggou Cave, δ¹⁸O record evidenced 3 climatic fluctuations at 11.2, 9.1 and 5.0 kaBP respectively. In association with landform-climatic driven theory, we suggest that the first terrace of the Yinghe River on which the Neolithic inhabitation sites was formed around 11.2～10.6 kaBP. In the Longhsan period, however, the dry climate decreased runoff of the Yinghe River and aggradation was in predominance, which lifted river water level higher. The moat remains at the Wadian site showed that people started building barrages to irrigate crops especially rice-farming in the Longshan period. Simultaneously, the locales of habitats became more open than they were in the Yangshao period. However, the 4 ka cooling event and continuous floods cut the study area’s cultural vein, and the major settlements retracted to the Dengfeng basin from the Yuzhou plain. Since then the cultural form of this area had turned back to the closed type and planned to move their living space from the upper reaches of the Yinghe River to the Luoyang basin.
- the upper reaches of the Ying River /
- paleo-environmental change /
- subsistence economy /
- fluvial landform /
- the Neolithic culture

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	Garrard A, Byrd B, Betts A. Prehistoric environment and settlement in the Azraq basin: an interim report on the 1984 excavation season [J]. Levant, 1986, 18(1): 5-24. doi: 10.1179/lev.1986.18.1.5 CrossRef Google Scholar
[2]	Laylander D. Inferring settlement systems for the prehistoric hunter-gatherers of san Diego county, California [J]. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 1997, 19(2): 179-196. Google Scholar
[3]	Briuer F L, Williams G I, Limp W F. Geographic information systems: a tool for evaluating historic archaeological sites [J]. Mississippi Archaeology, 1990, 25(1): 43-63. Google Scholar
[4]	Davis-Salazar K L. Late classic Maya water management and community organization at Copan, Honduras [J]. Latin American Antiquity, 2003, 14(3): 275-299. doi: 10.2307/3557561 CrossRef Google Scholar
[5]	Kintigh K W, Altschul J H, Beaudry M C, et al. Grand challenges for archaeology [J]. American Antiquity, 2014, 79(1): 5-24. doi: 10.7183/0002-7316.79.1.5 CrossRef Google Scholar
[6]	Mcgovern T H, Vésteinsson O, Fridriksson A, et al. Landscapes of settlement in Northern Iceland: historical ecology of human impact and climate fluctuation on the millennial scale [J]. American Anthropologist, 2007, 109(1): 27-51. doi: 10.1525/aa.2007.109.1.27 CrossRef Google Scholar
[7]	莫多闻, 李非, 李水城, 等. 甘肃葫芦河流域中全新世环境演化及其对人类活动的影响[J]. 地理学报, 1996, 51(1):59-69 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.1996.01.008 CrossRef Google Scholar MO Duowen, LI Fei, LI Shuicheng, et al. A preliminary study on the paleoenvironment of the middle Holocene in the Hulu river area in Gansu province and its effects on human activity [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(1): 59-69. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.1996.01.008 CrossRef Google Scholar
[8]	杨晓燕, 夏正楷, 崔之久, 等. 青海官亭盆地考古遗存堆积形态的环境背景[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(3):455-461 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2004.03.016 CrossRef Google Scholar YANG Xaioyan, XIA Zhengkai, CUI Zhijiu, et al. Environmental settings of Archaeological sites depositional processes and distribution at Guanting Basin [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(3): 455-461. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2004.03.016 CrossRef Google Scholar
[9]	阮浩波, 王乃昂, 牛震敏, 等. 毛乌素沙地汉代古城遗址空间格局及驱动力分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(5):873-882 Google Scholar RUAN Haobo, WANG Nai’ang, NIU Zhenmin, et al. Spatial pattern of ancient city sites and its driving forces in Mu Us Sandy Land during Han Dynasty [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(5): 873-882. Google Scholar
[10]	董广辉, 刘峰文, 陈发虎. 不同空间尺度影响古代社会演化的环境和技术因素探讨[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2017, 60(12):2067-2077 doi: 10.1007/s11430-017-9118-3 CrossRef Google Scholar DONG Guanghui, LIU Fengwen, CHEN Fahu. Environmental and technological effects on ancient social evolution at different spatial scales [J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2017, 60(12): 2067-2077. doi: 10.1007/s11430-017-9118-3 CrossRef Google Scholar
[11]	Chen F H, Dong G H, Zhang D J, et al. Agriculture facilitated permanent human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau after 3600 B.P [J]. Science, 2015, 347(6219): 248-250. doi: 10.1126/science.1259172 CrossRef Google Scholar
[12]	董广辉, 张山佳, 杨谊时, 等. 中国北方新石器时代农业强化及对环境的影响[J]. 科学通报, 2016, 61(26):2913-2925 doi: 10.1360/N972016-00547 CrossRef Google Scholar DONG Guanghui, ZHANG Shanjia, YANG Yishi, et al. Agricultural intensification and its impact on environment during Neolithic Age in northern China [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(26): 2913-2925. doi: 10.1360/N972016-00547 CrossRef Google Scholar
[13]	侯光良, 曹广超, 鄂崇毅, 等. 青藏高原海拔4 000 m区域人类活动的新证据[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(7):1231-1240 Google Scholar HOU Guangliang, CAO Guangchao, E Chongyi, et al. New evidence of human activities at an altitude of 4 000 meters area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(7): 1231-1240. Google Scholar
[14]	刘莉. 中国新石器时代: 迈向早期国家之路[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2007: 92-170. Google Scholar LIU Li. The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States[M]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press, 2007: 92-170. Google Scholar
[15]	鹿化煜, 安芷生. 洛川黄土粒度组成的古气候意义[J]. 科学通报, 1998, 41(6):626-631 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1998.06.016 CrossRef Google Scholar LU Huayu, AN Zhisheng. Paleoclimatic significance of grain size of loess-palaeosol deposit in Chinese Loess Plateau [J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 1998, 41(6): 626-631. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1998.06.016 CrossRef Google Scholar
[16]	国家文物局. 中国文物地图集·河南分册[M]. 北京: 中国地图出版社, 1991. Google Scholar State Administration of Cultural Heritage. An Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics in Henan Province[M]. Beijing: China Cartographic Publishing House, 1991. Google Scholar
[17]	严文明. 中国史前文化的统一性与多样性[J]. 文物, 1987(3):38-50 Google Scholar YAN Wenming. Unification and diversity of prehistoric Chinese cultures [J]. Cultural Relics, 1987(3): 38-50. Google Scholar
[18]	李中轩, 吴国玺, 朱诚, 等. 4.2~3.5 kaBP嵩山南麓聚落的时空特征及其演化模式[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(9):1640-1652 Google Scholar LI Zhongxuan, WU Guoxi, ZHU Cheng, et al. Spatial and temporal pattern of the 4.2~3.5 kaBP settlements and its succession models in the south of the Songshan Mountain [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(9): 1640-1652. Google Scholar
[19]	Batty M. The size, scale, and shape of cities [J]. Science, 2008, 319(5864): 769-771. doi: 10.1126/science.1151419 CrossRef Google Scholar
[20]	Huang C C, Pang J L, Zhou Q Y, et al. Holocene pedogenic change and the emergence and decline of rain-fed cereal agriculture on the Chinese Loess Plateau [J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2004, 23(23-24): 2525-2535. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.003 CrossRef Google Scholar
[21]	Huang C C, Pang J L, Chen S E, et al. Holocene dust accumulation and the formation of polycyclic cinnamon soils (luvisols) in the Chinese Loess Plateau [J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2003, 28(12): 1259-1270. doi: 10.1002/esp.512 CrossRef Google Scholar
[22]	靳桂云, 刘东生. 华北北部中全新世降温气候事件与古文化变迁[J]. 科学通报, 2002, 47(5):408-413 doi: 10.1360/02tb9095 CrossRef Google Scholar JIN Guiyun, LIU Dongsheng. Mid-Holocene climate change in North China, and the effect on cultural development [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47(5): 408-413. doi: 10.1360/02tb9095 CrossRef Google Scholar
[23]	Zhou L P, Oldfield F, Wintle A G, et al. Partly pedogenic origin of magnetic variations in Chinese loess [J]. Nature, 1990, 346(6286): 737-739. doi: 10.1038/346737a0 CrossRef Google Scholar
[24]	王建, 刘泽纯, 姜文英, 等. 磁化率与粒度、矿物的关系及其古环境意义[J]. 地理学报, 1996, 51(2):155-163 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.1996.02.009 CrossRef Google Scholar WANG Jian, LIU Zechun, JIANG Wenying, et al. A relationship between susceptibility and grain-size and minerals, and their paleo-environmental implications [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(2): 155-163. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.1996.02.009 CrossRef Google Scholar
[25]	秦小光, 张磊, 穆燕. 中国东部南北方过渡带淮河半湿润区全新世气候变化[J]. 第四纪研究, 2015, 35(6):1509-1524 doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2015.06.20 CrossRef Google Scholar QIN Xiaoguang, ZHANG Lei, MU Yan. The Holocene climatic changes of the Huaihe river semi-humid region in the north and south transition zone of the eastern China [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2015, 35(6): 1509-1524. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2015.06.20 CrossRef Google Scholar
[26]	毛瑞雪, 蔡演军, 马乐, 等. 河南马沟洞石笋记录的早中全新世气候和环境变化[J]. 地球环境学报, 2016, 7(3):254-268 doi: 10.7515/JEE201603004 CrossRef Google Scholar MAO Ruixue, CAI Yanjun, MA Le, et al. Early to mid-Holocene paleoclimatic changes recorded by the stalagmites from the Magou Cave, Henan Province [J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2016, 7(3): 254-268. doi: 10.7515/JEE201603004 CrossRef Google Scholar
[27]	王晓岚, 何雨. 郑州西山7000年来磁化率所反映的气候变化[J]. 北京师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2004, 40(1):133-136 Google Scholar WANG Xiaolan, HE Yu. Climate change from 7 000 aBP in Xishan Mountain of Zhengzhou by analysis of magnetic suscepibility [J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University: Natural Science, 2004, 40(1): 133-136. Google Scholar
[28]	Penck A, Bruckner E. Die alpen im eiszeitalter. Albrecht Penck, Eduard Brückner [J]. Journal of Geology, 1909, 17(4): 380-385. doi: 10.1086/621622 CrossRef Google Scholar
[29]	Leverett F. Uplift-driven valley incision and climate-controlled river terrace development in the Thames Valley, UK [J]. Quaternary International, 2001, 79(1): 23-36. doi: 10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00120-8 CrossRef Google Scholar
[30]	Pan B T, Burbank D, Wang Y X, et al. A 900 k.y. record of strath terrace formation during glacial-interglacial transitions in northwest China [J]. Geology, 2003, 31(11): 957-960. doi: 10.1130/G19685.1 CrossRef Google Scholar
[31]	Huang W L, Yang X P, Li A, et al. Climatically controlled formation of river terraces in a tectonically active region along the southern piedmont of the Tian Shan, NW China [J]. Geomorphology, 2014, 220: 15-29. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.024 CrossRef Google Scholar
[32]	高红山, 潘保田, 邬光剑, 等. 祁连山东段河流阶地的形成时代与机制探讨[J]. 地理科学, 2005, 25(2):197-202 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2005.02.011 CrossRef Google Scholar GAO Hongshan, PAN Baotian, WU Guangjian, et al. Age and genesis of alluvial terraces in East Qilian mountains [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2005, 25(2): 197-202. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2005.02.011 CrossRef Google Scholar
[33]	Vandenberghe J. The fluvial cycle at cold-warm-cold transitions in lowland regions: a refinement of theory [J]. Geomorphology, 2008, 98(3-4): 275-284. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.030 CrossRef Google Scholar
[34]	Hetzel R, Niedermann S, Tao M X, et al. Climatic versus tectonic control on river incision at the margin of NE Tibet: ¹⁰Be exposure dating of river terraces at the mountain front of the Qilian Shan [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2006, 111(F3): F03012. Google Scholar
[35]	李玉信, 李广坤, 刘书丹, 等. 河南省平原区第四纪岩相古地理分析[J]. 河南地质, 1987, 5(4):24-32 Google Scholar LI Yuxin, LI Guangkun, LIU Shudan, et al. Paleo-geographical analysis of Quaternary lithology of plain area in Henan Province [J]. Henan Geology, 1987, 5(4): 24-32. Google Scholar
[36]	潘保田, 李吉均, 曹继秀. 黄河中游的地貌与地文期问题[J]. 兰州大学学报: 自然科学版, 1994, 30(1):115-123 Google Scholar PAN Baotian, LI Jijun, CAO Jixiu. The landforms in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and problem of physiographic stage [J]. Journal of Lanzhou University: Natural Sciences, 1994, 30(1): 115-123. Google Scholar
[37]	王辉, 张海, 张家富, 等. 河南省禹州瓦店遗址的河流地貌演化及相关问题[J]. 南方文物, 2015(4):81-87, 91 Google Scholar WANG Hui, ZHANG Hai, ZHANG Jiafu, et al. Fluvial geomorphology evolution and related problems of Wadian Site, Yuzhou County, Henan Province [J]. Cultural Relics in Southern China, 2015(4): 81-87, 91. Google Scholar
[38]	河南省文物考古研究所. 禹州瓦店[M]. 北京: 世界图书出版公司, 2004: 6-21. Google Scholar Henan Provincial Institute of Archaeology. Wadian Archaeology of Yuzhou City[M]. Beijing: World Book Publishing Corporation, 2004: 6-21. Google Scholar
[39]	李正芳. 河南省新构造运动[J]. 郑州大学学报: 自然科学版, 1981(1):104-113 Google Scholar LI Zhengfang. Neotectonic movement in Henan Province [J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University: Natural Science Edition, 1981(1): 104-113. Google Scholar
[40]	刘昶, 方燕明. 河南禹州瓦店遗址出土植物遗存分析[J]. 南方文物, 2010(4):55-65 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6275.2010.04.009 CrossRef Google Scholar LIU Chang, FANG Yanming. Remaining analysis about unearthed plants of Wadian Site in Yuzhou, He'nan Province [J]. Cultural Relics in Southern China, 2010(4): 55-65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6275.2010.04.009 CrossRef Google Scholar
[41]	河南省文物考古研究所. 郾城郝家台[M]. 郑州: 大象出版社, 2012: 301-312. Google Scholar Henan Provincial Institute of Relics and Archaeology. Haojiatai Archaeology of Yancheng[M]. Zhengzhou: Elephant Publishing House, 2012: 301-312. Google Scholar
[42]	Bond G, Kromer B, Beer J, et al. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene [J]. Science, 2001, 294(5549): 2130-2136. doi: 10.1126/science.1065680 CrossRef Google Scholar
[43]	张俊娜, 夏正楷. 中原地区4 ka BP前后异常洪水事件的沉积证据[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(5):685-697 doi: 10.11821/xb201105011 CrossRef Google Scholar ZHANG Junna, XIA Zhengkai. Deposition evidences of the 4 kaBP flood events in central China plains [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(5): 685-697. doi: 10.11821/xb201105011 CrossRef Google Scholar
[44]	夏正楷, 杨晓燕. 我国北方4 ka B.P.前后异常洪水事件的初步研究[J]. 第四纪研究, 2003, 23(6):667-674 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2003.06.010 CrossRef Google Scholar XIA Zhengkai, YANG Xiaoyan. Preliminary study on the flood events about 4 kaBP in north China [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(6): 667-674. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2003.06.010 CrossRef Google Scholar
[45]	吴文祥, 葛全胜. 夏朝前夕洪水发生的可能性及大禹治水真相[J]. 第四纪研究, 2005, 25(6):741-749 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2005.06.010 CrossRef Google Scholar WU Wenxiang, GE Quansheng. The possibility of occurring of the extraordinary floods on the eve of establishment of the Xia Dynasty and the historical truth of Dayu’s successful regulating of floodwaters [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2005, 25(6): 741-749. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2005.06.010 CrossRef Google Scholar
[46]	许宏. 公元前2 000年: 中原大变局的考古学观察[M]//山东大学东方考古研究中心. 东方考古(第9辑). 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 121-127. Google Scholar XU Hong. 2 000 BC.: An archaeological view of great change in the Central Plain of China[M]//Oriental Archaeological Center. Oriental Archaeology (Vol. 9). Beijing: Science Press, 2012: 121-127. Google Scholar