| Citation: |
GUO Zhilin, ZHAO Dongwei, PENG Zhanxiang, ZHAI Xuchen. The impact of surface water-groundwater interactions on the fate and transport of typical PFAS[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2025, 52(3): 1-13. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202409027
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The impact of surface water-groundwater interactions on the fate and transport of typical PFAS
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Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of ubiquitous and persistent pollutants that pose significant risks to drinking water and human health. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the transport processes of PFAS in soil over the past decade; however, there is a lack of quantitative studies on the migration and transformation of PFAS in groundwater under complex hydrodynamic conditions. This study, focusing on perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), investigated the migration and transformation mechanisms of PFAS under variably saturated flow conditions. The influence of stratum heterogeneity and water table fluctuations on the migration and transformation of PFHxS in groundwater was explored. By simulating the migration and transformation processes of PFHxS in the aqueous phase, solid phase, and air-water interface, the migration and transformation behavior patterns of PFHxS under surface water-groundwater interaction condition in riparian zone was investigated. The results show that high permeability areas of heterogeneous layers create preferential channels for flow and transport, accelerating the migration of PFHxS to riparian zones The interaction between surface water and groundwater caused by rainfall led to the spatial redistribution of PFHxS pollution plume and extended the coverage of PFHxS pollution area. The presence of preferential flow accelerates the response rate of PFHxS in the surface water-groundwater interaction. This study contributes to enhancing the accuracy of predicting the extent of pollution spread in similar complex environments, optimizing monitoring and response measures, and providing a scientific basis for pollution emergency management.
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Keywords:
- PFAS /
- water level fluctuation /
- heterogeneity /
- migration and transformation /
- numerical simulation
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References
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GUO Zhilin, ZHAO Dongwei, PENG Zhanxiang, ZHAI Xuchen. The impact of surface water-groundwater interactions on the fate and transport of typical PFAS[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2025, 52(3): 1-13. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202409027
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Figure 1.
Two-dimensional geological profile of the riparian zone and boundary and initial conditions
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Figure 2.
Heterogeneous alluvium in two different riparian zones and 9 observation points near the riverbank
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Figure 3.
Rainfall and changes in groundwater level at the left boundary and river water level
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Figure 4.
Flow field distribution during PFAS release
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Figure 5.
Distribution of PFHxS at aqueous phase, solid phase adsorption, and air-water interface at 3, 6, and 10 years of continuous release of PFHxS (hom, het1 and het2 in alluvial layer)
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Figure 6.
Profile flow field during rainfall
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Figure 7.
PFHxS concentration in the subsurface environment during the surface water-groundwater interaction compared with the PFHxS concentration distribution at the initial moment
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Figure 8.
Under different formation conditions, the concentration change curves of total PFHxS concentration per unit volume, aqueous phase concentration, solid phase adsorption concentration, and air-water interface adsorption concentration during the surface water-groundwater interaction
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Figure 9.
Concentration varies of PFHxS at x=42 m section under different formation conditions
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Figure 10.
Velocity distribution near the riparian zone in different strata on 99 d
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Figure 11.
Under different stratigraphic conditions, the distributions of PFHxS near the riparian zone following surface water recharge to groundwater (60 days) and after a prolonged heavy rainfall event (115 days)