Citation: | LIU Yulin, CHENG Hongwei. Research Progress on Characteristics and Comprehensive Utilization of Bauxite Resource in China[J]. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2022, 42(6): 106-114. doi: 10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2022.06.014 |
Bauxite is one of the strategic minerals in China, an important material basis for national economic construction, and plays a significant role in ensuring the security and stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain. The bauxite resource reserves, distribution, types and resource characteristics in China were overviewed. The ore material composition and ore characteristics of the main bauxite mining areas in China were compared, the applications and quality requirements of bauxite in different industries as well as the current status of bauxite beneficiation technology, and the comprehensive utilization technology of co-associated components and elements, tailings, red mud and refractory waste were introduced. Finally, the main problems associated with bauxite development and utilization were analyzed, and targeted suggestions were put forward.
[1] | 张彦平, 王林俊, 倪文, 等. 我国铝矾土资源利用现状及发展建议[J]. 矿物学报, 2012(suppl): 210−211. ZHANG Y P, WANG L J, NI W, et al. China's bauxite resources utilization status and development suggestions[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2012(suppl): 210−211. |
[2] | 韩跃新, 柳晓, 何发钰, 等. 我国铝土矿资源及其选矿技术进展[J]. 矿产保护与利用, 2019(4): 151−158. HAN Y X, LIU X, HE F Y, et al. Current situation of bauxite resource and its beneficiation technology in China[J]. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2019(4): 151−158. |
[3] | USGS, Mineral commodity summaries 2021[R]. Virginia: U. S. : U. S. Government Publishing Office, 2020: 30-31. |
[4] | 中华人民共和国自然资源部, 中国矿产资源报告(2021)[R]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2021: 5-7. Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. China mineral resources 2021[R]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2021: 5-7. |
[5] | 安鹏宇. 中国企业境外投资铝土矿供矿前景分析及建议[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2018, 36(12): 76−81,86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2018.12.023 AN P Y. Analysis and suggestions on the prospect of bauxite supply overseas investmeng for Chinese enerprises[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2018, 36(12): 76−81,86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2018.12.023 |
[6] | LI C F, WANG A J, CHEN X J, et al. Regional distribution and sustainable development strategy of mineral resources in China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2013, 23(4): 470−481. doi: 10.1007/s11769-013-0611-z |
[7] | 高兰, 王登红, 熊晓云, 等. 中国铝土矿资源特征及潜力分析[J]. 中国地质, 2015, 42(4): 853−863. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2015.04.005 GAO L, WANG D H, XIONG X Y, et al. Minerogenetic characteristics and resource potential analysis of bauxite in China[J]. Geology in China, 2015, 42(4): 853−863. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2015.04.005 |
[8] | 孙莉, 肖克炎, 娄德波. 中国铝土矿资源潜力预测评价[J]. 地学前缘, 2018, 25(3): 82−94. SUN L, XIAO K Y, LOU D B. Mineral prospectivity of bauxite resources in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2018, 25(3): 82−94. |
[9] | 龙克树, 付勇, 龙珍, 等. 全球铝土矿中稀土和钪的资源潜力分析[J]. 地质学报, 2019, 93(6): 1279−1295. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2019.06.009 LONG K S, FU Y, LONG Z, et al. Resource potential analysis of REE and Sc in global bauxite[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019, 93(6): 1279−1295. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2019.06.009 |
[10] | 晋腾超, 王庆伟, 纪小会, 等. 我国铝矾土品位下降对棕刚玉冶炼影响的研究[J]. 矿产保护与利用, 2016(2): 43−47. JIN T C, WANG Q W, JI X H, et al. Influence of the grade declining in Chinese bauxite on brown corundum smelting[J]. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2016(2): 43−47. |
[11] | 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会. 高铝矾土熟料: YB/T 5179-2005[S]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社: 2005. National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China. Bauxite clinker: YB/T 5179-2005[S]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Publishing House: 2005. |
[12] | 中华人民共和国国家自然资源部. 矿产地质勘查规范 铝土矿: DZ/T 0202-2020[S]. 北京: 中国地质出版社: 2020. Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. Specifications for bauxite mineral exploration: DZ/T 0202-2020[S]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House: 2020. |
[13] | 钮因健, 夏忠. 铝土矿选矿-拜耳法生产氧化铝新工艺[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2001, 11(Suppl.1): 25−30. NIU Y J, XIA Z. Mineral processing of aluminium-a new technology of producing alumine by Bayer process[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2001, 11(Suppl.1): 25−30. |
[14] | 曾庆猛, 黄昂, 李峰克, 等. 铝土矿选矿脱硅对拜耳法的经济性[J]. 铝镁通讯, 2013(2): 4−8. ZENG Q M, HUANG A, KI F K, et al. Economics of bauxite ore beneficiation desiliconization to Bayer method[J]. LV MEI TONG XUN, 2013(2): 4−8. |
[15] | 宋建文, 刘全军, 高扬, 等. 云南某高硅铝土矿选矿试验研究[J]. 轻金属, 2017(6): 1−5. doi: 10.13662/j.cnki.qjs.2017.06.001 SONG J W, LIU Q J, GAO Y, et al. Experimental study on flotation of bauxite with high silicon in Yunnan[J]. Light Metals, 2017(6): 1−5. doi: 10.13662/j.cnki.qjs.2017.06.001 |
[16] | 周杰强, 严峥, 梅光军, 等. 重庆某铝土矿反浮选脱硫脱硅工艺技术研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2022, 42(1): 61−63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2022.01.014 ZHOU J Q, YAN Z, MEI G J, et al. Desulfurization and desiliconization of bauxite ore from Chongqing by reverse flotation[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2022, 42(1): 61−63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2022.01.014 |
[17] | 蔡振波, 徐会华, 陈秋虎, 等. 广西某高硫铝土矿反浮选脱硫—聚团浮选脱硅试验[J]. 金属矿山, 2016, 477(3): 99−105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1250.2016.03.021 CAI Z B, XU H H, CHEN Q H, et al. Desulfurization and aggregation desilication reverse flotation experiments on a high sulfur bauxite in Guangxi[J]. Metal Mine, 2016, 477(3): 99−105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1250.2016.03.021 |
[18] | 李小静, 曹传辉, 刘石梅, 等. 铝土矿除铁试验研究[J]. 非金属矿, 2013, 36(6): 58−59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8098.2013.06.019 LI X J, CAO C H, LIU S M, et al. Research on removal of iron from bauxite resources[J]. Non-Metallic Mines, 2013, 36(6): 58−59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8098.2013.06.019 |
[19] | 范宏鹏, 叶霖, 黄智龙. 铝土矿(岩)中伴生的锂资源[J]. 矿物学报, 2021, 41(C1): 382−390. doi: 10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2021.41.090 FAN H P, YE L, HUANG Z L. The associated lithium resource in bauxite(bauxite-bearing rock)[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2021, 41(C1): 382−390. doi: 10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2021.41.090 |
[20] | 王誉树, 孙景敏, 李翠芬, 等. 河南省铝土矿伴生钛资源调查研究[J]. 现代矿业, 2019, 35(3): 132−135. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6082.2019.03.036 WANG Y S, SUN J M, LI C F, et al. Investigation and research on associated titanium resources of bauxite ore in Henan Province[J]. Modern Mining, 2019, 35(3): 132−135. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6082.2019.03.036 |
[21] | 陈志友, 冯其明, 石晴. 低品位高铁铝土矿工艺矿物学与铁的回收技术研究[J]. 矿物学报, 2018, 38(1): 123−128. doi: 10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2018.015 CHEN Z Y, FENG Q M, SHI Q. A study on process mineralogy of low-grade high-iron bauxite and iron recovery technology[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2018, 38(1): 123−128. doi: 10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2018.015 |
[22] | 张荣臻, 云辉, 刘百顺, 等. 河南某铝土矿中锂的浮选回收与提取试验[J]. 现代矿业, 2020, 36(11): 113−116. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6082.2020.11.030 ZHANG R Z, YUN H, LIU B S, et al. Study on flotation recovery and extraction test of Lithium-bearing bauxite from Henan Province[J]. Modern Mining, 2020, 36(11): 113−116. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6082.2020.11.030 |
[23] | 刘万超, 杨家宽, 肖波. 拜耳法赤泥中铁的提取及残渣制备建材[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2008, 18(1): 187−192. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-0609.2008.01.031 LIU W C, YANG J K, XIAO B. Recovering iron and preparing building material with residues from Bayer red mud[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2008, 18(1): 187−192. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-0609.2008.01.031 |
[24] | GUO Y H, GAO J J, XU H J, et al. Nuggets production by direct reduction of high iron red mud[J]. Journal of iron and Steel Research, International, 2013, 20(5): 24−27. doi: 10.1016/S1006-706X(13)60092-8 |
[25] | 彭雪清, 黄光洪. 平果铝土矿氧化铝赤泥回收铁精矿的生产实践[J]. 湖南有色金属, 2015, 31(5): 10−15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5540.2015.05.004 PENG X Q, HUANG G H. Production practice of Fe concentrate recovery out of the red mud in Alumina produced from Pingguo bauxite[J]. Hunan Nonferrous Metals, 2015, 31(5): 10−15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5540.2015.05.004 |
[26] | HUANG Y F, HAN G H, LIU J T, et al. A facile disposal of Bayer red mud based on selective flocculation desliming with organic humics[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2016, 301: 46-55. |
[27] | HUANG Y F, CHAI W C, HAN G H, et al. A perspective of stepwise utilisation of Bayer red mud: Step two—Extracting and recovering Ti from Ti-enriched tailing with acid leaching and precipitate flotation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2016, 307: 318-327. |
[28] | ABHILASH, SHIVENDRA S, MANISH K S, et al. Extraction of lanthanum and cerium from Indian red mud[J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2014, 127: 70−73. doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2013.12.009 |
[29] | WANG L, SUN N, TANG H H, et al. A review on comprehensive utilization of red mud and prospect analysis[J]. Minerals, 2019(9): 362. doi: 10.3390/min9060362 |
[30] | LIU X, HAN Y X, HE F Y, et al. Characteristic, hazard and iron recovery technology of red mud - Acritical review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021, 420: 126542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126542. |
[31] | 刘东方, 刘文凯, 薛宝达, 等. 铝土矿尾矿合成莫来石的研究[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2016, 1(3): 256−260. LIU D F, LIU W K, XUE B D, et al. Study on synthesizing mullite with bauxite tailing[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2016, 1(3): 256−260. |
[32] | 申献江, 马冬阳, 张梅, 等. 铝土矿尾矿除杂及合成刚玉-莫来石研究[J]. 耐火材料, 2015, 51(4): 256−259. SHEN X J, MA D Y, ZHANG M. et al. Synthesis of corundum- mullite composites from impurity-removed bauxite tailings[J]. Refractories, 2015, 51(4): 256−259. |
[33] | 杨会智, 陈昌平, 孙洪巍, 等. 铝土矿尾矿微晶玻璃研制[J]. 矿业研究与开发, 2007, 27(6): 48−49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2763.2007.06.016 YANG H Z, CHEN C P, SUN H W, et al. Study on preparation of glass-ceramics using bauxite tailings[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2007, 27(6): 48−49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2763.2007.06.016 |
[34] | 李志新, 马先伟, 牛季收, 等. 铝矾土尾矿烧结透水砖的性能调控[J]. 河南城建学院学报, 2021, 30(1): 60−65. LI Z X, MA X W, NIU J S, et al. Performances control of sintered permeable bricks prepared with bauxite tailings[J]. Journal of Henan University of Urban Construction, 2021, 30(1): 60−65. |
[35] | 伍世衍. 利用低品位铝土矿制备低烧高强硅铝质陶瓷的研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学: 2014. WU S Y. Preparation of low-fired high-strength silica-alumina ceramics using low-grade bauxite[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology: 2014. |
[36] | 李悦. 利用铝矾土尾矿制备过滤用多孔陶瓷[J]. 轻金属, 2016(3): 9−12. LI Y. Production of porous ceramic for filtration by using bauxite tailings[J]. Light Metals, 2016(3): 9−12. |
[37] | 刘三军, 刘永, 李向阳, 等. 用铝土矿选矿尾矿制备聚合氯化铝及污水处理试验研究[J]. 湿法冶金, 2020, 39(6): 539−542. LIU S J, LIU Y, LI X Y, et al. Preparation of polyaluminum chloride using bauxite tailings and its application in wastewater treatment[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2020, 39(6): 539−542. |
[38] | 王振东, 张梅, 郭敏. 铝土矿尾矿制备4A分子筛的研究[J]. 中国稀土学报, 2012, 30: 472−476. WANG Z D, ZHANG M, GUO M. Synthesis and characterization of zeolite 4A from bauxite tailings[J]. Journal of Chinese society of RARE earths, 2012, 30: 472−476. |
[39] | 谭俊华, 史熙亮, 朱开金, 等. 利用低品位铝矾土和铸造废砂制备高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2017, 36(12): 4284−4290+4301. TAN J H, SHI X L, ZHU K J, et al. Preparation of high belite sulphoaluminate cement by low grade bauxite and foundry waste sand[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2017, 36(12): 4284−4290+4301. |
[40] | 姚丕强, 俞为民, 张学文, 等. 低品位铝矾土配料煅烧高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料的工业试验[J]. 水泥, 2017(3): 1−5. YAO P Q, YU W M, ZHANG X W, et al. Industrial testing of low grade bauxite batch calcined high performance belite sulfate cement clinker[J]. Cement, 2017(3): 1−5. |
[41] | LIU Y T, QIN Z H, CHEN B. Experimental research on magnesium phosphate cements modified byred mud[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 231: 117−131. |
[42] | YE N, YANG J K, LIANG S, et al. Synthesis and strength optimization of one-part geopolymer based on red mud[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 111: 317−325. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.099 |
[43] | 刘俊霞, 李忠育, 张茂亮, 等. 赤泥地聚物水泥力学性能和聚合机理[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2022, 25(2): 178−183. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2022.02.010 LIU J X, LI Z Y, ZHANG M L, et al. Mechanical property and polymerization mechanism of red mud geopolymer cement[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2022, 25(2): 178−183. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2022.02.010 |
[44] | ZENG H, LYU F, SUN W, et al. Progress on the industrial applications of red mud with a focus on China[J]. Minerals, 2020, 10(9): 773. doi: 10.3390/min10090773 |
[45] | 张雪, 王重庆, 曹亦俊. 赤泥固废土壤化修复研究进展[J]. 有色金属(冶炼部分), 2021(3): 84−92. ZHANG X, WANG Z Q, CAO Y J. Research progress on soilification of red mud solid waste[J]. Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy), 2021(3): 84−92. |
[46] | WANG L, HU G G, LYU F, et al. Application of red mud in wastewater treatment[J]. Minerals, 2019(9): 281. doi: 10.3390/min9050281 |
[47] | PULFORD I D, HARGREAVES J S, DURISOVÁ J, et al. Carbonised red mud-A new water treatment product made from a waste material[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2012, 100: 59−64. |
[48] | VISHWAJEET S. Y, MURARI P, JEESHAN K, et al. Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) using red mud[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 176: 1044−1050. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.146 |
[49] | RAMESH C S, RAJ K P, BANKIM C R. Neutralization of red mud using CO2 sequestration cycle[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 179: 28−34. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.052 |
[50] | 曹瑞雪, 康泽双, 刘万超, 等. 赤泥吸收矿化CO2技术研究[J]. 有色金属(冶炼部分), 2022(4): 57−60. CAO R X, KANG Z S, LIU W C, et al. Absorption and mineralization of CO2 with red mud[J]. Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy), 2022(4): 57−60. |