Metallogenic Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of Carbonatite Vein-Type Re-Mo Deposits in Huanglongpu Ore Field，East Qinling

DUAN Xiangyi; LI Weicheng; WANG Haiyuan; HUANG Fan; GAO Haifeng; YANG Tao; YANG Shuai; SONG Gongshe; YAO Fusheng

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2024045

2024 Vol. 57, No. 5

Article Contents

Article navigation > Northwestern Geology > 2024 > 57(5): 53-73

Next Article Previous Article

DUAN Xiangyi, LI Weicheng, WANG Haiyuan, HUANG Fan, GAO Haifeng, YANG Tao, YANG Shuai, SONG Gongshe, YAO Fusheng. 2024. Metallogenic Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of Carbonatite Vein-Type Re-Mo Deposits in Huanglongpu Ore Field，East Qinling. Northwestern Geology, 57(5): 53-73. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024045

Citation:

DUAN Xiangyi, LI Weicheng, WANG Haiyuan, HUANG Fan, GAO Haifeng, YANG Tao, YANG Shuai, SONG Gongshe, YAO Fusheng. 2024. Metallogenic Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of Carbonatite Vein-Type Re-Mo Deposits in Huanglongpu Ore Field，East Qinling. Northwestern Geology, 57(5): 53-73. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024045

Metallogenic Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of Carbonatite Vein-Type Re-Mo Deposits in Huanglongpu Ore Field，East Qinling

1.
Shaanxi Satellite Application Technology Center for Natural resources, Xi’an 710082, Shaanxi, China
2.
Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China
3.
Shananxi Center of Mineral Resources and Geological Survey, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi, China
4.
Xi'an Huadi Mining Management Co.Ltd, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China
5.
MRL Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Beijing 100037, China
6.
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Received Date: 17 June 2022

Revised Date: 07 April 2024

Accepted Date: 30 April 2024

Publish Date: 20 October 2024

Abstract

Abstract

The Huanglongpu molybdenum ore field, situated in the western region of the East Qinling metallogenic belt on the southern margin of the North China block, represents the only concentration area of carbonatite-type molybdenum deposits worldwide, and spatially controlled by the Lushi-Machaoying fault. On the basis of previous research results, This study presents a systematic sorting and comprehensive analysis of the regional geological setting, metallogenic characteristics and typical deposits of the Huanglongpu ore field. The formation of carbonate vein-type molybdenum deposits is closely related to the magmatic activities during the Indosinian period, with the favorable structural framework providing ore-bearing spaces and the surrounding rocks contributing trace ore-forming materials. The study delineates two primary ore-forming belts, namely the NW-oriented Yuantou-Nianziping rhenium-molybdenum polymetallic ore (mineralization) belt and the NE-oriented Xiping-Qinlinggou molybdenum-copper ore (mineralization) belt, comprising two third-level ore-forming zones and two fourth-level ore-forming zones. The Re and Mo contents generally exhibit a positive correlation. The ore-forming fluid is mainly characterized as magmatic water from the medium-high temperature silicate-carbonate-sulfate system, with ore-forming materials predominantly derived from mantle-derived igneous magma during the late Indosinian period, and it has roughly gone through three main mineralization stages. This study conducts prospecting predictions from multiple perspectives, there are promising prospects for molybdenum prospecting in the northeastern end of the ore field extending toward Henan and on both sides of the Lushi-MaChaoying fault at the southwest end. Additionally, the Huayangchuan-Taiziping mineralization belt and the lower part of the rock mass in the northwest of the ore field hold potential for large and medium-sized molybdenum polymetallic deposits.
- Re-Mo deposit /
- metallogenic characteristics /
- prospecting prediction /
- carbonatite vein /
- Huanglongpu ore field /
- East Qinling

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	曹晶, 叶会寿, 李洪英, 等. 河南嵩县黄水庵碳酸岩型钼(铅)矿床地质特征及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄[J]. 矿床地质, 2014, 33（1）: 53−69. Google Scholar CAO Jing, YE Huishou, LI Hongying, et al. Geological characteristics and molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dating of Huangshuian carbonatite vein-type Mo(Pb)deposit in Songxian County, Henan Province[J]. Mineral Deposits, 2014, 33（1）: 53−69. Google Scholar
[2]	曹晶. 东秦岭黄水庵碳酸岩型钼矿床成矿作用研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2018. Google Scholar CAO Jing. Mineralization of the Huangshui’an Carbonatite Mo Deposit in East Qinling[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2018. Google Scholar
[3]	陈建立, 郭鹏, 陈英男, 等. 基于科学钻探技术的老湾金矿带金成矿机制研究[J]. 金属矿山, 2023, 559（1）: 259−268. Google Scholar CHEN Jianli, GUO Peng, CHEN Yingnan, et al. Study on Gold Mineralization Mechanism of Laowan Gold Belt Based on Scientific Drilling Technology[J]. Metal Mine, 2023, 559（1）: 259−268. Google Scholar
[4]	陈喜峰, 陈秀法, 李娜, 等. 全球铼矿资源分布特征与开发利用形势及启示[J]. 中国矿业, 2019, 28（5）: 7−23. Google Scholar CHEN Xifeng, CHEN Xiufa, LI Na, et al. Distribution characteristics and development & utilization status of global rhenium resources and its enlightenments[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2019, 28（5）: 7−23. Google Scholar
[5]	陈毓川, 王登红, 李华芹, 等. 全国成岩成矿年代谱系[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2014. Google Scholar CHEN Yuchuan, WANG Denghong, LI Huaqin, et al. Chronological Pedigree of Diagenesis and Mineralization in China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2014. Google Scholar
[6]	董王仓, 李维成, 胡双全, 等. 中国矿产地质志·陕西卷[R]. 西安: 陕西省地质调查院, 2021. Google Scholar
[7]	杜芷葳, 叶会寿, 毛景文, 等. 陕西西沟钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年代学和同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 矿床地质, 2020, 39（4）: 728−744. Google Scholar DU Zhiwei, YE Huishou, MAO Jingwen, et al. Molybdenite Re-Os gochronology and isotope geochemical characteristics of Xigou molybdenum deposit in Shaanxi province ang its geological significance[J]. Mineral Deposits, 2020, 39（4）: 728−744. Google Scholar
[8]	段湘益, 董王仓, 黄凡, 等. 陕西省钨钼多金属矿床时空分布规律及找矿方向[J]. 金属矿山, 2021, 544（10）: 121−142. Google Scholar DUAN Xiangyi, DONG Wangcang, HUANG Fan, et al. Temporal-spatial Distribution and Prospecting Direction of W-Mo Polymetallic Deposit in Shaanxi Province[J]. Metal Mine, 2021, 544（10）: 121−142. Google Scholar
[9]	樊会民, 张嘉升, 柏千惠, 等. 陕西秦巴地区地球化学分区及找矿意义[J]. 西北地质, 2018, 51（2）: 75−82. Google Scholar FAN Huimin, ZHANG Jiasheng, BAI Qianhui, et al. Geochemical zoning and prospecting significance of Qinba area in Shaanxi[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2018, 51（2）: 75−82. Google Scholar
[10]	樊一见, 张昆, 张钊, 等. 华阴市黄龙铺秦岭沟钼矿床地质特征及找矿标志[J]. 陕西地质, 2017, 35（2）: 20−26. Google Scholar FAN Yijian, ZHANG Kun, ZHANG Zhao, et al. Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Indicator of the Qinlinggou Deposit in Huanglongpu of Shaanxi[J]. Geology of Shaanxi, 2017, 35（2）: 20−26. Google Scholar
[11]	范羽, 周涛发, 张达玉, 等. 中国钼矿床时空分布与成矿背景分析[J]. 地质学报, 2014, 88（4）: 784−804. Google Scholar FAN Yu, ZHOU Taofa, ZHANG Dayu, et al. Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Metallogical Background of the Chinese Molybdenum Deposits[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2014, 88（4）: 784−804. Google Scholar
[12]	付鑫宁, 唐利, 姚梅青, 等. 东秦岭黄水庵钼矿床的碳酸岩成因与地质意义: 来自痕量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的约束[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 48（5）: 525−538. Google Scholar FU Xinling, TANG Li, YAO Meiqing, et al. Genesis and geological significance of the carbonatite in the Huangshui'an Mo deposit in Eastern Qinling area of China: Constraints from trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition), 2021, 48（5）: 525−538. Google Scholar
[13]	侯增谦, 田世洪, 谢玉玲, 等. 川西冕宁−德昌喜马拉雅期稀土元素成矿带: 矿床地质特征与区域成矿模型[J]. 矿床地质, 2008, 27（2）: 145−176. Google Scholar HOU Zengqain, TIAN Shihong, XIE Yuling, et al. Mianning-Dechang Himalayan REE belt associated with carbonatite-alkalic complex in eastern Indo-Asian collision zone southwest China: Geological characteristics of REE deposits and a possible metallogenic model[J]. Mineral Deposits, 2008, 27（2）: 145−176. Google Scholar
[14]	黄典豪, 王义昌, 聂凤军, 等. 黄龙铺碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床的的硫、碳和氧同位素特征及成矿物质来源[J]. 地质学报, 1984, 58（3）: 252−264. Google Scholar HUANG Dianhao, WANG Yichang, NIE Fengjun, et al. Isotopic Composition of Sulfur and Oxygen and Source Material of the Huanglongpu Carbonatite Vein-type of Molybdenum(Lead)Deposit[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1984, 58（3）: 252−264. Google Scholar
[15]	黄典豪, 王义昌, 聂凤军, 等. 一种新的钼矿床类型——陕西黄龙铺碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床地质特征及成矿机制[J]. 地质学报, 1985, 3: 241−257. Google Scholar HUANG Dianhao, WANG Yichang, NIE Fengjun, et al. A New Type of Molybdenum Deposit——Geological Characteristics and Metal-logenic Mechanism of the Huanglongpu Carbonatite Vein-type of Molybdenum(Lead)Deposit, Shaaxi[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1985, 3: 241−257. Google Scholar
[16]	黄典豪, 吴澄宇, 杜安道, 等. 东秦岭地区钼矿床的铼−锇同位素年龄及其意义[J]. 矿床地质, 1994, 13（3）: 221−230. Google Scholar HUANG Dianhao, WU Chengyu, DU Andao, et al. Re-Os Isotope Ages of Molybdenum Deposits in East Qinling and Their Significance[J]. Mineral Deposits, 1994, 13（3）: 221−230. Google Scholar
[17]	黄典豪, 侯增谦, 杨志明, 等. 东秦岭钼矿带内碳酸岩脉钼(铅)矿床地质−地球化学特征、成矿机制及成矿构造背景[J]. 地质学报, 2009, 83（12）: 1968−1984. Google Scholar HUANG Dianhao, HOU Zengqian, YANG Zhiming, et al. Geological and Geochemical Characteristics, Metallogenetic Mechanism and Tectonic Setting of Carbonatite Vein-Type Mo(Pb)Deposits in the East Qinling Molybdenum Ore Belt[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009, 83（12）: 1968−1984. Google Scholar
[18]	黄典豪. 就若干矿床的类型、成矿物质来源及辉钼矿含铼量的地质意义等与毛景文研究员商榷[J]. 地质论评, 2015, 61（5）: 990−1000. Google Scholar HUANG Dianhao. Discussion with Prof. Mao Jingwen on Types, Ore-Forming Material Source of Some Deposits and Geological Significance of Rhenium Content in Molybdenite[J]. Geological Review, 2015, 61（5）: 990−1000. Google Scholar
[19]	黄凡, 王登红, 王岩, 等. 中国铼矿成矿规律和找矿方向研究[J]. 地质学报, 2019, 93（6）: 1252−1269. Google Scholar HUANG Fan, WANG Denghong, WANG Yan, et al. Study on metallogenic regularity rhenium deposits in China and their prospecting direction[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019, 93（6）: 1252−1269. Google Scholar
[20]	焦建刚, 袁海潮, 何克, 等. 陕西华县八里坡钼矿床锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义[J]. 地质学报, 2009, 83（8）: 1159−1167. Google Scholar JIAO Jianggang, YUAN Haichao, HE Ke, et al. Zircon U-Pb and Molybdenite Re-Os Dating for the Balipo Porphyry Mo Deposit in East Qinling, China, and Its Geological Implication[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009, 83（8）: 1159−1167. Google Scholar
[21]	李俊平, 李永峰, 罗正传, 等. 大别山北麓钼矿找矿重大进展及其矿床地质特征研究[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2011, 35（4）: 576−586. Google Scholar LI Junping, LI Yongfeng, LUO Zhengchuan, et al. Geological Features of Molybdenum Deposits and Ore Prospecting in Northern Slope of the Dabie Mountain, China[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2011, 35（4）: 576−586. Google Scholar
[22]	李诺, 陈衍景, 张辉, 等. 东秦岭斑岩钼矿带的地质特征和成矿构造背景[J]. 地学前缘, 2007, 14（5）: 186−198. Google Scholar LI Nuo, CHEN Yanjing, ZHANG Hui, et al. Molybdenum deposits in East Qinling[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14（5）: 186−198. Google Scholar
[23]	李毅, 李诺, 杨永飞, 等. 大别山北麓钼矿床地质特征和地球动力学背景[J]. 岩石学报, 2013, 29（1）: 95−106. Google Scholar LI Yi, LI Nuo, YANG Yongfei, et al. Geological features and geodynamic settings of the Mo deposits in the northern segment of the Dabie Mountains[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2013, 29（1）: 95−106. Google Scholar
[24]	李永峰, 毛景文, 胡华斌, 等. 东秦岭钼矿类型、特征、成矿时代及其地球动力学背景[J]. 矿床地质, 2005, 24（3）: 292−304. Google Scholar LI Yongfeng, MAO Jingwen, HU Huabin, et al. Geology, distribution, types and tectonic settings of Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in East Qinling area[J]. Mineral Deposits, 2005, 24（3）: 292−304. Google Scholar
[25]	刘云华, 成玉姝, 郑绪忠. 陕西省洛南县(区)黄龙铺钼矿区资源储量核查报告[R]. 西安: 陕西鑫源勘探有限责任公司, 2009. Google Scholar
[26]	毛景文, 华仁民, 李晓波. 浅议大规模成矿作用与大型矿集区[J]. 矿床地质, 1999, 18（4）: 291−299. Google Scholar MAO Jingwen, HUA Renmin, LI Xiaobo. A preliminary study of largescale metallogenesis and large clusters of mineral deposits[J]. Mineral Deposits, 1999, 18（4）: 291−299. Google Scholar
[27]	陕西省地质调查院. 中国区域地质志·陕西志[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2017. Google Scholar Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey. Regional geology of China: Shaanxi Province[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2017. Google Scholar
[28]	陕西省地质矿产局第十三地质队. 陕西省洛南县黄龙铺钼矿区大石沟矿段详细普查地质报告[R]. 2002. Google Scholar
[29]	陕西省地质矿产局第十三地质队. 陕西省洛南县黄龙铺钼矿区详细普查地质报告[R]. 1989. Google Scholar
[30]	陕西省自然资源厅. 2018年度陕西省非油气矿产资源储量表[Z]. 2019. Google Scholar
[31]	沈其韩. 推荐一个系统的矿物缩写表[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2009, 28（5）: 495−500. Google Scholar SHEN Qihan. The recommendation of a systematic list of mineral abbreviations[J]. Acta Pewrologica et Minera1Ogica, 2009, 28（5）: 495−500. Google Scholar
[32]	王汉辉, 唐利, 杨勃畅, 等. 东秦岭黄水庵碳酸岩型Mo-REE 矿床方解石地球化学特征和氟碳铈矿U-Th-Pb 年龄及其意义[J]. 西北地质, 2023, 56（1）: 48−62. Google Scholar WANG Hanhui, TANG Li, YANG Bochang, et al. Geochemical Characteristics of Calcite and Bastnäsite U-Th-Pb Age of the Huangshui’an Carbonatite–hosted Mo-REE Deposit, Eastern Qinling[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2023, 56（1）: 48−62. Google Scholar
[33]	王佳营, 李志丹, 张祺, 等. 东秦岭地区碳酸岩型银-铀多金属矿床成矿时代: 来自LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄的证据[J]. 地质学报, 2020, 94（10）: 2946−2964. Google Scholar WANG Jiaying, LI Zhidan, ZHANG Qi, et al. Metallogenic epoch of the carbonatite-type Mo-U polymetallic deposit in east Qinling: evidence from the monazite LA-ICP-MS U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dating[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2020, 94（10）: 2946−2964. Google Scholar
[34]	王林均, 许成, 吴敏, 等. 华阳川碳酸岩流体包裹体研究[J]. 矿物学报, 2011, 31（3）: 372−379. Google Scholar WANG Linjun, XU Cheng, WU Min, et al. A Study of Fluid Inclusion from Huayangchuan Carbonatite[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2011, 31（3）: 372−379. Google Scholar
[35]	王林均, 许成, 吴敏, 等. 小秦岭碳酸岩的Sr-Nb-Pb同位素地球化学[J]. 矿物学报, 2012, 32（3）: 370−378. Google Scholar WANG Linjun, XU Cheng, WU Min, et al. Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Lesser Qinling[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2012, 32（3）: 370−378. Google Scholar
[36]	王瑞廷, 袁海潮, 孟德明, 等. 小秦岭地区金钼多金属矿成矿特征与找矿预测[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2014, 36（1）: 19−31. Google Scholar WANG Ruiting, YUAN Haichao, MENG Deming, et al. Metallogenic Characteristics and Exploration Prediction of Au-Mo Polymetallic Deposits in Xiaoqinling Area[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2014, 36（1）: 19−31. Google Scholar
[37]	许成, 曾亮, 宋文磊, 等. 造山带碳酸岩起源与深部碳循环[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2017, 36（2）: 213−221. Google Scholar XU Cheng, ZENG Liang, SONG Wenlei, et al. Orogenic Carbonatite Petrogenesis and Deep Carbon Recycle[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2017, 36（2）: 213−221. Google Scholar
[38]	许成, 宋文磊, 漆亮, 等. 黄龙铺钼矿田含矿碳酸岩地球化学特征及其形成构造背景[J]. 岩石学报, 2009, 25（2）: 422−430. Google Scholar XU Cheng, SONG Wenlei, QI Liang, et al. Geochemical characteristics and tectonic setting of ore-bearing carbonatits in HuanglongPu Mo ore field[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25（2）: 422−430. Google Scholar
[39]	袁海潮, 王瑞廷, 焦建刚, 等. 东秦岭华县西沟钼矿床Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2014, 36（1）: 120−127. Google Scholar YUAN Haichao, WANG Ruiting, JIAO Jiangang, et al. Re-Os Isotopic Ages of Molybdenites from Xigou Mo Deposit in Huaxian of East Qinling and Their Geological Significance[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2014, 36（1）: 120−127. Google Scholar
[40]	张国伟, 郭安林, 董云鹏, 等. 关于秦岭造山带[J]. 地质力学学报, 2019, 25（5）: 746−768. Google Scholar ZHANG Guowei, GUO Anlin, DONG Yunpeng, et al. Rethinking of the Qinling Orogen[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2019, 25（5）: 746−768. Google Scholar
[41]	张国伟, 张本仁, 袁学诚, 等. 秦岭造山带与大陆动力学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001. Google Scholar ZHANG Guowei, ZHANG Benren, YUANG Xuecheng, et al. Qinling Orogenic belt and continental dynamics[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2001. Google Scholar
[42]	朱赖民, 张国伟, 郭波, 等. 东秦岭金堆城大型斑岩钼矿床LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及成矿动力学背景[J]. 地质学报, 2008, 82（2）: 204−220. Google Scholar ZHU Laimin, ZHANG Guowei, GUO Bo, et al. U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS) Zircon Dating for the large Jinduicheng porphyry Mo deposit in the East Qinling, China, and Its Metallogenic Geodynamical Setting[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82（2）: 204−220. Google Scholar
[43]	Bell K, Blenkinsop J. Archean depleted mantle evidence from Nd and Sr initial isotopic ratios of carbonatites[J]. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 1987a, 51: 291−298. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90241-9 CrossRef Google Scholar
[44]	Bell K, Blenkinsop J. Nd and Sr isotopic composition of East African carbonatltes: Implications for mantle heterogeneity[J]. Geology, 1987b, 15: 99−102. Google Scholar
[45]	DePaolo D J , Wasserburg G J. Geochimica petrogenetic mixing models and Nd-Sr isotopic patterns[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1979, 43: 615−627. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(79)90169-8 CrossRef Google Scholar
[46]	Keller J, Hoefs J. Stable isotope characteristics of recent natrocarbonatites from Oldoinyo Lengai[A]. Bell K, Keller J. Carbonatites Volcanism: Oldoinyo Lengai and Petrogenesis of Natrocarbonatites. LAVCEI Proceeding in Volcanology[C]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995: 113−123. Google Scholar
[47]	Le Maitre R W. Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms[M]. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Google Scholar
[48]	Mao J W, Zhang Z C, Zhang Z H, et al. Re-Os isotopic dating of molybdenites in the Xiaoliugou W(Mo) deposit in the northern Qilian mountains and its geological significance[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: Journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society, 1999, 63: 1815−1818. Google Scholar
[49]	Mao J W, Xie G Q, Bierlein F, et al. Tectonicimplication from Re-Os dating of Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in the East Qingling-Dabie orogenic belt[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2008, 72: 4607−4626. Google Scholar
[50]	Maravic H V, Morteani G. Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe(N.F.Zaire)[J]. Lithos, 1980, 3（2）: 159−168. Google Scholar
[51]	Ray J S, Ramesh R, Paude K. Carbon isotopes in Kerquelen plume-derived carbonatites: evidence for recycled inorganic carbon[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1999, 170: 205−214. Google Scholar
[52]	Stein H J, Markey R J, Morgan M J, et al. Highly precise and accurate Re-Os ages for molybdenite from the East Qinling-Dabie molybdenum belt, Shaanxi province, China[J]. Economic Geology, 1997, 92（7−8）: 827−835. Google Scholar
[53]	Stein H J, Markey R J, Morgan J W, et al. The remarkable Re-Os chronometer in molybdenite: how and why it works[J]. Terra Nova, 2001, 13: 479−486. Google Scholar
[54]	Song W L, Xu C, Qi L, et al. Genesis of Si-rich carbonatites in Huanglongpu Mo deposit, Lesser Qinling orogen, China and significance for Mo mineralization[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2015, 64: 756−765. Google Scholar
[55]	Tang Li, Wagner T, Fusswinke T, et al. Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of an unusual Mo-rich carbonatite: a case study using LA-ICP-MS fluid inclusion microanalysis and He–Ar isotopes from the Huangshui’an deposit, Qinling, China[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2021, 56（6）: 1−18. Google Scholar
[56]	Xu C, Campbell I H, Mlen C M, et al. Flat rare-earth element patterns as an indicator of cumulate processes in the Lesser Qiling carbonatites, China[J]. Lithos, 2007, 95: 267−278. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.07.016 CrossRef Google Scholar
[57]	Xu C, Kynicky J, Chakhmouradian A N, et al. A unique Mo deposit associated with carbonatites in the Qinling orogenic belt, central China[J]. Lithos, 2010, 118（1−2）: 50−60. Google Scholar