Citation: | XU Keke, BI Zhiwei, YANG Huifeng, YANG Zhenjing, NING Kai, DAI Huimin, LIU Kai, LIU Guodong. 2023. Reconstruction of climatic and environmental evolution in the Yinchuan Basin from MIS6 to MIS5 based on spore–pollen evidence. Journal of Geomechanics, 29(4): 522-542. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023091 |
MIS6 to MIS5 is a typical transition period from glacial to interglacial periods. The climate elements of MIS5 are similar to that of the current warm period, and studying its evolution process can better understand the climate change process of the current warm period and the future climate change trend. Based on modern spore–pollen and meteorological data, as well as stratigraphic spore–pollen and particle size indicators from the Yinchuan Basin in the monsoon margin area, the locally weighted average partial least squares method (LWWA-PLS) reconstruction results are considered to be the most robust after the selection of the training set, screening of the master climate parameters, cross-validation of the five reconstruction models, regional comparison, significance testing, and ecological interpretation. The climatic evolution from MIS6 to MIS5 can be divided into six stages. 157 to 131 ka, the climate was cold and humid, where wet and cold-loving arborvitae vegetation developed, with the average annual precipitation (Pann) being 424.99 mm and the average temperature in July (TJuly) 22.58 ℃. 131 to 119 ka, the climate turned wet and warm, and warm-loving trees and herbs developed; the Pann was 410.95 mm, and the TJuly was 23.62 ℃. 119 to 111 ka, the Pann was 369.50 mm, and the TJuly was 22.53 ℃; cold-loving herbs and trees developed in a cold and dry climate. 111 to 98 ka, the Pann is 378.39 mm, and the TJuly is 22.86 ℃; warm-loving trees account for a higher proportion in the early stage, and the number of cold-loving trees increased in the late stage; the climate was overall dry and warm, and the temperature increased first and then decreased. 98 to 85 ka, the Pann was 278.24, and the TJuly was 22.01 ℃; the overall climate was the driest and coldest, and cold-loving trees developed well. 85 to 78 ka, the Pann was 364.21 mm, and TJuly was 23.45 ℃; the climate turned warm and humid, and trees and herbs developed in this period. The reconstructed climate parameters' ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) results respond well to the 23 ka precessional cycle. Comparison with the mid- and high-latitude geologic record of the Northern Hemisphere suggests that solar radiation-influenced climatic variability in the North Atlantic primarily drives changes in the East Asian monsoon through the westerly wind circulation as well as the oceanic transport zone, which in turn influences climatic change in the Yinchuan Basin.
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Location of Borehole LS01 and modern sopre–pollen sites
Lithologic histogram and age model reconstruction results of Borehole LS01
Spore–pollen percentage map of Borehole LS01
Comparison chart of maximum abundance values of sopre-pollen species from the modern and Borehole LS01 samples
Box chart of percentage coverage of main spore–pollen species in the modern and LS01 borehole samples
Correlation results of climatic variables
Significance test of the reconstruction results
Optimum ecological niche and ecological range of main spore–pollen species
Huisman-Olff-Fresco (HOF) analysis results of main modern spore–pollen species contents vs. mean annual precipitation
HOF results of main modern sopre–pollen species contents vs. mean annual temperature
HOF results of main modern sopre–pollen species contents vs. mean temperature in January
HOF results of main modern sopre–pollen species contents vs. mean temperature in July
Comparison of peleoclimatic and environmental reconstruction factors
EEMD (Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition) results of reconstructed precipitation and temperature
Comparison of reconstructed precipitation and temperature with geologic records at mid- to high-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere