Origin types, metallogenic regularity and prospecting direction of phosphate deposits in China

WANG Wenhao; WANG Chunlian; WANG Lianxun; LIU Kaiyuan; YAN Kai; YU Xiaocan; YOU Chao; LIU Dianhe

doi:10.12029/gc20231010004

2025 Vol. 52, No. 1

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Article navigation > Geology in China > 2025 > 52(1): 43-60

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WANG Wenhao, WANG Chunlian, WANG Lianxun, LIU Kaiyuan, YAN Kai, YU Xiaocan, YOU Chao, LIU Dianhe. 2025. Origin types, metallogenic regularity and prospecting direction of phosphate deposits in China[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 43-60. doi: 10.12029/gc20231010004

Citation:

WANG Wenhao, WANG Chunlian, WANG Lianxun, LIU Kaiyuan, YAN Kai, YU Xiaocan, YOU Chao, LIU Dianhe. 2025. Origin types, metallogenic regularity and prospecting direction of phosphate deposits in China[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 43-60. doi: 10.12029/gc20231010004

Origin types, metallogenic regularity and prospecting direction of phosphate deposits in China

1.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), School of Earth Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
2.
MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), School of Earth Resources, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
4.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
5.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Fund Project: Supported by National Key Research and Develompent Program of China (No.2023YFC2906605), Basic Research Funds for Public Welfare Research Institutes (No.KK2322, No.KK2005) and the project of China Geological Survey (No.DD20230291).

More Information

Author Bio: WANG Wenhao, male, born in 1999, master candidate, majors in resources and environmental engineering (Geology); E-mail: 1603894554@qq.com
Corresponding author: WANG Chunlian, male, born in 1983, researcher, mainly engaged in sedimentology and mineral deposit research; E-mail: wangchunlian321@163.com.

Received Date: 10 October 2023

Revised Date: 23 March 2024

Publish Date: 25 January 2025

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective
China is a major country in terms of phosphate resources and major consumer. In 2016, phosphorus ore was included in the Catalogue of Key Mineral Resources in China. With the increasing demand for phosphorus fertilizer and the depletion of resources in more and more mines, it is urgently necessary to enhance geological prospecting and exploration development of phosphate resources. The study of mineralization regularities serves as an important foundation for resource exploration and development.
Methods
Building upon previous research, this article further analyzes and summarizes the current status of phosphate development and utilization, types of deposits, spatiotemporal distribution patterns, and prospecting directions in China. It provides a preliminary summary of the mineralization regularities and key prospecting directions for phosphorus ore in China.
Results
China possesses abundant phosphate resources, but their distribution is highly uneven, primarily concentrated in four provinces: Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Hubei. Based on the types of mineralization processes, Chinese phosphate can be classified into five categories: magmatic rock−type, metamorphic−type, sedimentary−type, secondary−type, and guano−type deposits. The mineralization epochs of phosphate in China are extensive, with the major phosphate−bearing periods being the Meishucun period of Early Cambrian, the Duoshantuo period of Late Ediacaran, and the Jinping period of Paleoproterozoic. According to the "Division Scheme of Metallogenic Belts in China," Chinese phosphate can be divided into 27 third−level metallogenic belts and four metallogenic sub−belts. Among them, the Dianzhong−Southwestern Sichuan Metallogenic Belt, the Daba Mountains−Western Hubei Metallogenic Belt, and the Xiang−Qian Metallogenic Belt are the main phosphate metallogenic belts in China. Important prospecting areas include Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Western Hubei, and some regions in northern China. Southern phosphate resources are mainly sedimentary−type deposits, while northern phosphate resources are predominantly magmatic rock−type deposits, primarily distributed in Hebei and Xinjiang provinces.
Conclusions
Phosphorus is crucial for agricultural food security, as well as for important industries such as new energy and healthcare. As a populous nation, China has a significant demand for phosphorus chemicals. In the face of uneven distribution of phosphate and issues related to excessive mining, it is necessary to strengthen the investigation and research on phosphate resources, as well as study the efficient comprehensive utilization of these resources. This will ensure the stable supply of domestic phosphorus products and environmental safety, while promoting the sustainable development of resources.
- origin types /
- spatial and temporal distribution regularity /
- phosphate metallogenic belts /
- prospecting direction /
- mineral exploration engineering

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