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2025 Vol. 52, No. 3
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XU Qingyang, DAI Liangliang, PENG Zhigang, ZHANG Jun, XIAO Kaiqi, GONG Hao, WU Huanhuan. 2025. Characteristics and health risk evaluation of soil heavy metals in Longshan County, Hunan Province[J]. Geology in China, 52(3): 834-848. doi: 10.12029/gc20230703001
Citation: XU Qingyang, DAI Liangliang, PENG Zhigang, ZHANG Jun, XIAO Kaiqi, GONG Hao, WU Huanhuan. 2025. Characteristics and health risk evaluation of soil heavy metals in Longshan County, Hunan Province[J]. Geology in China, 52(3): 834-848. doi: 10.12029/gc20230703001
shu

Characteristics and health risk evaluation of soil heavy metals in Longshan County, Hunan Province

  • 1.

    Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410600, Hunan, China

  • 2.

    School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

  • 3.

    Xi'an Mineral Resources Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China

  • 4.

    Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

    • Fund Project: Supported by the projects of China Geological Survey (No.DD20211576, No.DD20230480).
More Information
  • Author Bio: XU Qingyang, female, born in 1996, assistant engineer, mainly engaged in environmental geochemistry research; E-mail: xuqingyang@mail.cgs.gov.cn
  • Corresponding author: DAI Liangliang, male, born in 1993, engineer, mainly engaged in environmental geochemistry research; E-mail: dailiangliang@mail.cgs.gov.cn. 
Received Date:  07 March 2023
Revised Date:  11 August 2023
Publish Date:  25 May 2025
    Abstract

  • This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.

    Objective

    A total of 775 soil samples were collected in Longshan County to analyze the content characteristics of heavy metals in soil, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and to evaluate the health risks associated with these contaminants.

    Methods

    The geo−accumulation index was applied to assess soil heavy metal pollution levels. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to identify the sources of soil heavy metals. A health risk model was employed to evaluate the potential risks posed by these metals to human health.

    Results

    The analysis revealed that the average Cd concentration in Longshan County soils significantly exceeds the background value for Hunan Province, indicating a certain degree of Cd enrichment. The variation coefficients for As and Cd exceeded 0.5, while Hg's coefficient surpassed 1, suggesting a potential influence from human activities. Various degrees of contamination by As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were identified, with widespread Cd pollution and severe Hg contamination in certain areas. The sources of these heavy metals were categorized into three groups: (1) Cr, Cu, and Ni primarily originate from soil parent materials; (2) As, Cd, Pb, and Zn are largely linked to lead−zinc mining and smelting, with Cd also showing some association with geological background; (3) Hg primarily stems from fossil fuel combustion. The health risk assessment indicated that children face higher risks from soil heavy metals compared to adults. Attention should be focused on the health risks in Liye Town, Miaoertan Town, and Luota Town. As and Cr were identified as the primary contributors to non−carcinogenic risks, while Cr and Ni were the main contributors to carcinogenic risks. Oral ingestion was found to be the dominant exposure pathway for health risks.

    Conclusions

    Heavy metal pollution in Longshan County soils exists at varying levels. As, Cd, and Ni are the primary contributors to health risks.
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