| China Geological Survey Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences | Host |
| 科学出版社 | Publish |
| Citation: |
ZHAO Ruyi, WANG Denghong, FENG Yonggang, WANG Chenghui, LIANG Ting, LI Kaixuan, DAI Hongzhang, SHI Yu, GAO Jinggang. 2024. Characteristics of granitic pegmatite type lithium deposits in different mineralization epochs and its enlightenment for prospecting prediction, China[J]. Geology in China, 51(1): 17-41. doi: 10.12029/gc20230411005
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Characteristics of granitic pegmatite type lithium deposits in different mineralization epochs and its enlightenment for prospecting prediction, China
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Abstract
This paper is the result of mineral pexploration engineering.
Objective Granite pegmatite type lithium deposit is the main supplying type of metal lithium in the world today. The development and policy formulation are restricted seriously by the shortage of economic and available granite pegmatite type lithium mine in China. In order to clarify the commonality of granite pegmatite−type lithium deposits, we make a prospecting prediction plan, and delineate high−quality prospecting targets.
Methods This paper systematically compares the spatial−temporal distribution, tectonic background, ore deposit geology, ore body characteristics, mineralization regularities and ore controlling factors of granite pegmatite type lithium depsoits in China, and summarizes the characteristics of lithium−producing granite.
Results It is believed that the granite pegmatite−type (spodumene) lithium ores discovered in China are mainly distributed in the west part, and the granite−type (lepidolite) lithium ore is dominant in the east part. The post−collision environments since the Paleozoic are the main output background of the existing pegmatite−type lithium deposits in China, and the mineralization setting can be extended to the non−orogenic tectonic environment, and most of the metallogenic element combinations have the characteristics of LCT−type pegmatites, and the number of deposits and resources are the largest in the late Indosinian. Lithium−producing granite is generally a multi−stage compound rock mass in the same period, and its evolution differentiation is high. The granite is lighter in color, rich in K, Na, P, F, Rb, U, Th, high oxygen fugacity, high Rb/Sr, low Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf, which is the most closely related to granite pegmatite type lithium deposit, and it is easier to identify than granite pegmatite dikes.
Conclusions Under the guidance of the concept of "whole mineralization, absent prospecting", starting from the search for lithium−producing granite with a larger target, "first prospecting, then optimizing, and mapping in the last", it is expected to achieve a prospecting breakthrough in the "boundary mountain" granite where the secondary structural unit is converted from extrusion to stretching, especially in the outer contact zone of wavied and tongue−like intrusive boundaries.
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References
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ZHAO Ruyi, WANG Denghong, FENG Yonggang, WANG Chenghui, LIANG Ting, LI Kaixuan, DAI Hongzhang, SHI Yu, GAO Jinggang. 2024. Characteristics of granitic pegmatite type lithium deposits in different mineralization epochs and its enlightenment for prospecting prediction, China[J]. Geology in China, 51(1): 17-41. doi: 10.12029/gc20230411005
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Figure 1.
Comparison of number (a) and resource reserves (b) of granitic pegmatite lithium deposits in different mineralization epochs of China (Data from Li Jiankang et al., 2014; Wang Denghong et al., 2022; Wang He et al., 2022)
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Figure 2.
The ages distribution of major magmatic activities and rare metal mineralization in the Indosinian period (data from Liang Ting et al., 2021) and the Yanshanian period in the Mufushan area of China (modified from Li Peng et al., 2021)
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Figure 3.
Regional geology, ore field geology and deposit geology of major granitic pegmatite type lithium deposits (fields) in China
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Figure 4.
Diagrams of geochemical correlation of lithium producing granites in major granitic pegmatite type lithium deposits (fields) in China
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Figure 5.
Chondrite normalized REEs distribution patterns (a, c) and primitive mantle normalized trace element diagrams (b, d) of lithium−bearing granite from major granitic pegmatite type lithium deposits (fields) in China