Exploration and research progress of magmatic copper−nickel−cobalt sulfide deposits in the north−eastern margin of the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau

LIU Yuegao; ZHANG Jiangwei; FENG Zhixing; YANG Shunlong; WANG Yizhong; LI Jiqing; ZHAO Zhiyi; WANG Zhian; LI Shulei; CHEN Zhengguo; WANG Houfang

doi:10.12029/gc20230128003

2025 Vol. 52, No. 3

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Article navigation > Geology in China > 2025 > 52(3): 972-1001

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LIU Yuegao, ZHANG Jiangwei, FENG Zhixing, YANG Shunlong, WANG Yizhong, LI Jiqing, ZHAO Zhiyi, WANG Zhian, LI Shulei, CHEN Zhengguo, WANG Houfang. 2025. Exploration and research progress of magmatic copper−nickel−cobalt sulfide deposits in the north−eastern margin of the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geology in China, 52(3): 972-1001. doi: 10.12029/gc20230128003

Citation:

LIU Yuegao, ZHANG Jiangwei, FENG Zhixing, YANG Shunlong, WANG Yizhong, LI Jiqing, ZHAO Zhiyi, WANG Zhian, LI Shulei, CHEN Zhengguo, WANG Houfang. 2025. Exploration and research progress of magmatic copper−nickel−cobalt sulfide deposits in the north−eastern margin of the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geology in China, 52(3): 972-1001. doi: 10.12029/gc20230128003

Exploration and research progress of magmatic copper−nickel−cobalt sulfide deposits in the north−eastern margin of the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau

1.
Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China
2.
Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi’an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
3.
Western Mining Group Co., Ltd., Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
4.
The third Nonferrous Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 811601, Qinghai, China
5.
Sino Shaanxi Nuclear Industry Group, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
6.
Qinghai Geological Survey Institute, Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources in the Northern Part of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Xining 810012, Qinghai, China
7.
The Fifth Geological and Mineral Survey Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810028, Qinghai, China
8.
Xianyang 712 General Co., Ltd. of Northwest Nonferrous Geological Prospecting Bureau, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
9.
The Third Geological Branch, Xinjiang Geological and Mineral Bureau, Kuerle 841000, Xinjiang, China

Fund Project: Supported by the projects of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City of Hainan Province (No.2021CXLH0027) and National Key Research and Development Project (No.2019YFC0605201).

More Information

Author Bio: LIU Yuegao, male, born in 1987, associate researcher, mainly engaged in the study of the location prediction of ore deposit, high T−P experiments (experimental petrology), and comparison and prediction of sea and land minerals resources; E−mail: liuyg@idsse.ac.cn
Corresponding author: ZHANG Jiangwei, male, born in 1984, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the study of the location prediction of ore deposit; E−mail: 63290005@qq.com.

Received Date: 28 January 2023

Revised Date: 09 May 2023

Publish Date: 25 May 2025

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective
To improve the supply security of Cu−Ni−Co resources in China, it is necessary to sort out the mineralization regularity and prospecting indicators of the magmatic copper−nickel−cobalt sulfide deposit in the Phanerozoic in the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt on the northern margin of the Qinghai−Tibet Plateau.
Methods
To establish the exploration model, this paper analyzed the geological characteristics and genesis of representative magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits, and the geological, geochronology, geochemistry, and geophysical characteristics of five stages mafic−ultramafic complexes including the Late Ordovician−Early Silurian, the Middle Silurian−Middle Devonian, the Early Carboniferous, the Middle Permian−Early Triassic, and the Middle−Late Triassic are summarized.
Results
There are two stages of island arc mafic or basic−ultramafic rocks in the East Kunlun during the Phanerozoic: (1) Mafic rocks formed in the Late Ordovician−Early Silurian during the northward subduction of the Proto−Tethys Ocean; (2) Mafic−ultramafic rocks formed due to the subduction of the Paleo−Tethys Ocean in the Middle Permian−Early Triassic. Correspondingly, there are two stages of post−collision extensional mafic−ultramafic rocks: From Middle−Late Silurian to Early−Middle Devonian and Middle−Late Triassic. The pyroxenite mantle may be the source of some magmatic nickel deposits in the East Kunlun, and the plate break−off model can explain the phenomenon that the mineralization age of magmatic copper−nickel−cobalt sulfide deposits is nearly same to the high−pressure−ultrahigh−pressure retrograde metamorphism age. Regarding the sulfide saturation mechanism of mantle−derived magma, the types of favorable crustal contamination and harmful crustal contamination were roughly identified, and the influence of crystal differentiation on sulfide saturation was analyzed. The preferred location of ore bodies was proposed, and the representative differences between ore−forming and non−ore−forming rock bodies in geological structure, rock type, mineralogy, age, alteration type, and surrounding rock types were compared.
Conclusions
Finally, this paper established a geological−geochemical−geophysical comprehensive information exploration model for magmatic copper−nickel−cobalt sulfide deposits in the East Kunlun orogenic belt.
- magmatic copper−nickel−cobalt sulfide deposit /
- eclogite /
- ultra−high−pressure metamorphism /
- Proto−Tethys /
- Paleo−Tethys /
- critical metals /
- mineral exploration engineering /
- Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt

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References

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