Late Pliocene（6.8−0.004 Ma）vegetation evolution and sea−level fluctuations on the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China

HAO Xiudong; LAO Yueying; OUYANG Xuhong; JIANG Xingyu; WANG Fu; TIAN Lizhu; SHI Peixin; CHEN Yongsheng; WANG Hong; LI Jianfen; SHANG Zhiwen

doi:10.12029/gc20210804001

2024 Vol. 51, No. 2

Article Contents

Article navigation > Geology in China > 2024 > 51(2): 689-700

Next Article Previous Article

HAO Xiudong, LAO Yueying, OUYANG Xuhong, JIANG Xingyu, WANG Fu, TIAN Lizhu, SHI Peixin, CHEN Yongsheng, WANG Hong, LI Jianfen, SHANG Zhiwen. 2024. Late Pliocene（6.8−0.004 Ma）vegetation evolution and sea−level fluctuations on the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China[J]. Geology in China, 51(2): 689-700. doi: 10.12029/gc20210804001

Citation:

HAO Xiudong, LAO Yueying, OUYANG Xuhong, JIANG Xingyu, WANG Fu, TIAN Lizhu, SHI Peixin, CHEN Yongsheng, WANG Hong, LI Jianfen, SHANG Zhiwen. 2024. Late Pliocene（6.8−0.004 Ma）vegetation evolution and sea−level fluctuations on the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China[J]. Geology in China, 51(2): 689-700. doi: 10.12029/gc20210804001

Late Pliocene（6.8−0.004 Ma）vegetation evolution and sea−level fluctuations on the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China

1.
Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization (Nanning Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
2.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
3.
Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Beihai 536000, Guangxi, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
5.
State Key Laboratory of Modern Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
6.
CGS Key Laboratory of Muddy Coast Geo-environment, Tianjin 300170, China

Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41861020, No.42001076, No.U20A2048), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (No. 2023GXNSFBA026263), Open Funds from State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS) (No. 223109), Open Research Fund Program of Guangxi Key Science and Technology Innovation Base on Karst Dynamics (No. KDL & Guangxi202204), Open Research Fund Program of Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization (No.GKLMC−201902) and Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education (No.NNNU−KLOP−X1919, No.NNNU−KLOP−X2101).

More Information

Author Bio: HAO Xiudong, male, born in 1980, doctor, associate researcher, engaged in palynology; E-mail: xiudonghao@126.com
Corresponding authors: OUYANG Xuhong, born in 1984, female, doctor, associate researcher, engaged in the past global changes; E-mail: oy_xh@163.com; JIANG Xingyu, male, born in 1981, senior engineer, engaged in geological environment change of Quatenary coastal zone; E-mail: jxingyu@cgs.cn.

Received Date: 04 August 2021

Revised Date: 26 January 2022

Publish Date: 25 March 2024

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of coastal geological survey engineering.
Objective
Microfossils, especially pollen, spores, and dinoflagellate cysts, as direct indicators or proxies, provide significant information on geological environment. Therefore, palynological analysis has an important role in restoration and reconstruction of vegetation history and sea−level fluctuations, which provides information from the sediment cores, especially in alluvial coastal plain regions.
Methods
In this study, we carry out analyses using detailed palynological records of pollen, spores, freshwater algae, marine dinoflagellate cysts, and foraminiferal organic linings from Borehole HLL01 on the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, northern China.
Results
The results provide valuable information on vegetation history and sea−level fluctuations since the Late Pliocene. Large amounts of terrestrial herb pollen (75.13%; mainly composed of Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia and Poaceae) were identified at Borehole HLL01, suggesting that coastal steppes flourished in the study area and its adjacent areas, and a cold and dry climate than the present during the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, ca. 6.8−1.6 Ma. After that, the steppe areas began to shrink, and the transition of coastal steppes to forest grasslands occurred in the Early−Middle Pleistocene, ca. 1.6−0.6 Ma, indicating a warm and humid climate. A sharp increase in freshwater algae indicates that large rivers’ discharge had been injected into the study area, or large lakes were formed. Afterward, relatively cool and dry climatic conditions appeared, with little precipitation, and a relatively significant transgression event revealed by dinoflagellate cysts and foraminifera organic linings, and forest grassland vegetation was distributed in the study area and its adjacent areas, during the Middle Pleistocene to Holocene, ca. 0.6−0.004 Ma.
Conclusions
Three ancient plants have occurred and the sea level fluctuations occurred since the Late Pliocene (6.8−0.004 Ma) in the Laizhou Bay.
- pollen assemblage /
- paleovegetation /
- palaeoenvironmental evolution /
- Late Pliocene /
- coastal geological survey engineering /
- Laizhou Bay /
- Shandong Province

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	Allen M B, MacDonald D I M, Zhao X, Vincent S J, Brouet−Menzies C. 1997. Early Cenozoic two phase extension and Late Cenozoic thermal subsidence and inversion of the Bohai Basin, northern China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 14(7): 951−972. Google Scholar
[2]	Bi X, Wen X, Yi H, Wu X, Gao M. 2014. Succession in soil and vegetation caused by coastal embankment in southern Laizhou Bay, China−Flourish or degradation[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 88: 1−7. Google Scholar
[3]	Brown C A. 2008. Palynological Techniques[M]. College Station, Texas, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation. Google Scholar
[4]	Chen Ming, Chen Jianguo, Wang Jianfen. 1991. The evolutional trend of swamping, salting and desertization along the coast of Bohai Sea and its relationship to global change[J]. Quatternary Sciences, 11(2): 113−122 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[5]	Chen X Y, Liu D H, Yin P, Liu J Q, Cao K, Gao F. 2019. Temporal and spatial evolution of surface sediments characteristics in the Dagu River estuary and their dynamic response mechanism[J]. China Geology, 2(3): 325−332. Google Scholar
[6]	Cong J Y, Long H Y, Zhang Y, Wang N. 2021. Ecological environment response of benthic foraminifera to heavy metals and human engineering: A case study from Jiaozhou Bay, China[J]. China Geology, 5(1): 12−25. Google Scholar
[7]	DeMenocal P B. 2004. African climate change and faunal evolution during the Pliocene−Pleistocene[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 220(1/2): 3−24. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00003-2 CrossRef Google Scholar
[8]	Duan X Y, Li Y X, Li X G, Yin P. 2018. Historical records and the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the East China Sea[J]. China Geology, 1(4): 505−511. doi: 10.31035/cg2018058 CrossRef Google Scholar
[9]	Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2007. Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China (1: 1000000) [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese). Google Scholar
[10]	Gao M S, Guo F, Huang X Y, Hou G H. 2019. Sediment distribution and provenance since Late Pleistocene in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China[J]. China Geology, 2: 16−25. doi: 10.31035/cg2018062 CrossRef Google Scholar
[11]	Gao M S, Hou G H, Dang X Z, Huang X Y. 2020. Sediment distribution characteristics and environment evolution within 100 years in western Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China[J]. China Geology, 3: 445−454. Google Scholar
[12]	Giosan L, Syvitski J, Constantinescu S, Day J. 2014. Climate change: Protect the world's deltas[J]. Nature, 516: 31−33. doi: 10.1038/516031a CrossRef Google Scholar
[13]	Grant G R, Naish T R, Dunbar G B, Stocchi P, Kominz M A, Kamp P J J, Tapia C A, McKay R M, Levy R H, Patterson M O. 2019. The amplitude and origin of sea−level variability during the Pliocene epoch[J]. Nature, 574: 237−241. Google Scholar
[14]	Guo Fei, Gao Maosheng, Hou Guohua, Kong Xianghuai, Zhao Jinmin, Zheng Yimin, Zhao Guangmin. 2016. Geochemical characteristics of sediment in core 07 since the Late Pleistocene in Laizhou Bay[J]. Acta Oceanology Sinica, 21(3): 144−155 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[15]	Hao Xiudong, Ouyang Xuhong, Xie Shiyou, Wei Xingping. 2020. Modern palynomorph assemblages and their relationships with vegetation in karst areas of Chongqing, Southwestern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 45(15): 5266−5276 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[16]	Hao X D, Ouyang X H, Zheng L B, Zhuo B, Liu Y L. 2020. Palynological evidence for Early to Mid−Holocene sea−level fluctuations over the present−day Ningshao Coastal Plain in eastern China[J]. Marine Geology, 426: 106213. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106213 CrossRef Google Scholar
[17]	He L J, Wang J Y. 2003. Cenozoic thermal history of the Bohai Bay Basin: Constraints from heat flow and coupled basin−mountain modeling[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28: 421−429. doi: 10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00062-7 CrossRef Google Scholar
[18]	Hu S B, O’Sullivan P B, Raza A, Barry P K. 2001. Thermal history and tectonic subsidence of the Bohai Basin, northern China: A Cenozonic rifted and local pull−apart basin[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interios, 126: 221−235. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00257-6 CrossRef Google Scholar
[19]	Hu Hongjun, Li Yaoying, Wei Yinxin, Zhu Huizhong, Chen Jiayou. 1980. Chinese Freshwater Algae[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers (in Chinese). Google Scholar
[20]	Huang Meng, Li Mingchen, Fan Hangyu, Zhang Xiaofei, Li Jijun, Xu Qinmian. 2019. Late Cenozoic climate and sedimentary environment evolution of the north western evolution of the north western coast of the Bohai Bay revealed by borehole QHJ01[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 93(4): 899−914 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[21]	Jiang Xingyu, Yi Liang, Tian Lizhu, Shi Peixin, Chen Yongsheng, Wang Hong, Wang Fu, Li Jianfen, Shang Zhiwen. 2016. Magnetostratigraphic chronology of borehole HLL01, south coast of Laizhou Bay[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 35(10): 1669−1678 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[22]	Jiang Xingyu, Wang Lin, Hao Xiudong, Wang Fu, Tian Lizhu, Shi Peixin, Chen Yongsheng, Wang Hong, Li Jianfen, Shang Zhiwen. 2020. Late Pliocene palynological record and paleoenvironmental change from the borehole HLL02 in the south coast of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China[J]. Geological Survey and Research, 43(4): 341−347 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[23]	Ke Manhong. 2007. Discovery and significance of the Concentricystes fossils on Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Xi'an Engineering University, (2): 90−93 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[24]	Li Qian, Yi Liang, Liu Suzhen, Yu Hongjun, Chen Yanping, Xu Xiangyong, Li Ping, Deng Chenlong. 2016. Rock magnetic properties of the Lz908 borehole sediments from the southern Bohai Sea, eastern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 59(5): 1717−1728 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[25]	Lin Fang, Wang Jianzhong, Li Jianfen, Pei Yandong, Kang Hui. 2005. Characteristics of microfossil assemblages and evolution of the sedimentary environment since the Late Quaternary in the Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 24(9): 879−884 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[26]	Lisiecki L E, Raymo M E. 2005. A Pliocene−pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ¹⁸O records[J]. Paleoceanography, 20(1): 1−17. Google Scholar
[27]	Liu Enfeng, Zhang Zulu, Shen Ji. 2004. Spore−pollen records of environmental change on south coast plain of Laizhou Bay since the Late Pleistocene[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(1): 78−84 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[28]	Liu Y, Huang H, Qi Y, Liu X, Yang X. 2016. Holocene coastal morphologies and shoreline reconstruction for the southwestern coast of the Bohai Sea, China[J]. Quaternary Research, 86(2): 144−161. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2016.06.002 CrossRef Google Scholar
[29]	Lunt D J, Foster G L, Haywood A M, Stone E J. 2008. Late Pliocene Greenland glaciation controlled by a decline in atmospheric CO₂ levels[J]. Nature, 454: 1102−1105. Google Scholar
[30]	Lü Houyuan. 1989. Spore−pollen records and paleoenvironment analysis since Late Pleistocene on the south Bohai Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai and Bohai Sea, 7(2): 11−25 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[31]	Maher L J. 1981. Statistics for microfossil concentration measurements employing samples spiked with marker grains[J]. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 32: 153−158. doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(81)90002-6 CrossRef Google Scholar
[32]	Mei S, Chu H X, Dong L Y, Fang Z H, Li P F, Zhang F F, Shan R, Zhao T H. 2019. Influencing factors and evaluation application of regional crustal stability in the Bohai Strait[J]. China Geology, 2(3): 354−363. Google Scholar
[33]	Meng Qinghai, Han Mei, Zhao Minghua, Jiang Aixia. 1999. A preliminary study of the Mihe River alluvial diluvial fan and the palaeochannels[J]. Journal of Shandong Normal University( Natural Science), 14(1): 46−50 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[34]	Morzadec−Kerfourn M T. 2005. Interaction between sea−level changes and the development of littoral herbaceous vegetation and autotrophic dinoflagellates [J]. Quaternary International, 133–134: 137−140. Google Scholar
[35]	Nakagawa T, Kitagawa H, Yasuda Y, Tarasov P E, Nishida K, Gotanda K, Sawai Y, Yangtze River Civilization Program Members. 2003. Asynchronous climate changes in the North Atlantic and Japan during the last termination[J]. Science, 299: 688−691. doi: 10.1126/science.1078235 CrossRef Google Scholar
[36]	Pickering M, Horsburgh K, Wells N, Green M. 2012. The impact of future sea−level rise on the European Shelf tides[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 35: 1−15. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2011.11.011 CrossRef Google Scholar
[37]	Qi J, Yang Q. 2010. Cenozoic structural deformation and dynamic processes of the Bohai Bay basin province, China[J]. Marine & Petroleum Geology, 27(4): 757−771. Google Scholar
[38]	Song Changqing, Sun Xiangjun. 1997. Establishment of transfer functions of the pollen−climatic factors in Northern China and the quantitative climatic reconstruction at DJ core[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 39(6): 554−560 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[39]	Tang Lingyu, Mao Limi, Lü Xinmiao, Ma Qingfeng, Zhou Zhongze, Yang Chunlei, Kong Zhaochen, Batten D J. 2013. Palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental significance of someimportant spores and micro−algae in Quaternary deposits[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58: 3125−3139 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5747-9 CrossRef Google Scholar
[40]	Tian Lixin, Han Mei, Wang Min, Wei Fan, Kong Fanbiao, Kong Xianglun. 2021. Spatiotemporal evolution and stability of land use type in the coastal zone of the south coast in Laizhou Bay[J]. Rearch of Soil and Water Conservation, 28(4): 259−274 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[41]	Tian Lizhu, Tao Youbing, Jiang Xingyu, Chen Yongsheng, Shi Peixin, Shang Zhiwen, Li Jianfen, Wang Fu, Wang Hong. 2016. Reconstruction of the Holocene relative sea level change for the south coast of Laizhou Bay[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 35(10): 1679−1691 (in Chinese). Google Scholar
[42]	van Soelen E E, Lammertsma E I, Cremer H, Donders T H, Sangiorgi F, Brooks G R, Larson R A, Sinninghe Damsté J S, Wagner−Cremer F, Reichart G J. 2010. Late Holocene sea−level rise in Tampa Bay: Integrated reconstruction using biomarkers, pollen, organic−walled dinoflagellate cysts, and diatoms [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 86(2): 216−224. Google Scholar
[43]	Wang F, Li J F, Shi P X, Shang Z W, Li Y, Wang H. 2019. The impact of sea−level rise on the coast of Tianjin−Hebei, China[J]. China Geology, 2(1): 26−39. Google Scholar
[44]	Wang Kaifa, Han Xinbin. 1983. Study on the Cenozoic fossil Concentricystes of East China[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 22: 468−473 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[45]	Wang Kaifa, Wang Xianzeng. 1983. Theory of Pollen Analysis[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press (in Chinese). Google Scholar
[46]	Wang Kaifa, Zhang Yulan, Jiang Hui. 1982. Discovery of Zygnemataceae fossils in the sediments of the East Sea and Yellow Sea and its palaeogeographic significance[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 22: 1387−1389 (in Chinese). Google Scholar
[47]	Wu Jing, Ma Yuzhen, Sang Yanli, Meng Hongwei, Hu Caili. 2013. Representation of major pollen taxa from surface samples of Daluoshan Mountain, Ningxia[J]. Acta Plaeotologica Sinica, 52(1): 57−67 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[48]	Wu Shiguo, Yu Zhaohua, Zou Dongbo, Zhang Haiying. 2006. Structural features and Cenozoic evolution of the Lu Fault Zone in the Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 6: 101−110 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[49]	Wu Zhengyi. 1980. Vegetation of China[M]. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese). Google Scholar
[50]	Xue Chunting, Ding Dong. 2008. Weihe River−Mihe River Delta in south coast of Bohai Sea, China: Sedimentary sequence and architecture[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 28(5): 672−676 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[51]	Yang Jilong, Xu Qinmian, Hu Yunzhuang, Yuan Haifan, Xiao Guoqiao, Zhou Xinying. 2016. Palaeovegetation evolution and its response to the climate change since Middle Pleistocene in the North China Plain[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 35(10): 1745−1751 (in Chinese). Google Scholar
[52]	Yao Z, Guo Z, Xiao G, Wang Q, Shi X, Wang X. 2012. Sedimentary history of the western Bohai coastal plain since the Late Pliocene: implications on tectonic, climatic and sea−level changes[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 54: 192−202. Google Scholar
[53]	Yi L, Deng C L, Xu X Y, Yu H J, Qiang X K, Jiang X Y, Chen Y P, Su Q, Chen G Q, Li P, Ge J Y, Li Y. 2015. Paleo−megalake termination in the Quaternary: Paleomagnetic and water−level evidence from south Bohai Sea, China[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 319: 1−12. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.01.005 CrossRef Google Scholar
[54]	Yin P, Duan X Y, Gao F, Li M N, Li S H, Qiu J D, Zhou L Y. 2018. Coastal erosion in Shandong of China: status and protection challenges[J]. China Geology, 1(4): 512−-521. Google Scholar
[55]	Yu Hongjun, Han Deliang, Liu Xuan, Shan Qiumei. 1999. Study on the disintegration of marine stratum in the northern shelf region of nearshore of China[J]. Acta Oceanology Sinica, 21(3): 83−90 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[56]	Yu Z H, Wu G, Zou D B, Feng D Y, Zhao H Q. 2008. Seismic profiles across the middle Tan−Lu fault zone in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, eastern China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 33: 383−394. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.03.004 CrossRef Google Scholar
[57]	Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K. 2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present[J]. Science, 292: 686−693. doi: 10.1126/science.1059412 CrossRef Google Scholar
[58]	Zhang Xuliang, Gu Dongqi, Chen Dongjing, Sui Yuzhu. 2008. Flora characteristics of vascular plants of coastal wetlands of southern Laizhou Bay and its protection[J]. Ecology and Environment, 17(1): 86−92 (in Chinese). Google Scholar
[59]	Zhang Yulan, Zhang Minbin. 2002. Discovery of freshwater algae in marine sediments and paleoenvironmental significance[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 21(2): 36−40 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[60]	Zhang Y Q, Dong S W, Shi W. 2003. Cretaceous deformation history of the middle Tan−Lu fault zone in Shandong Province, eastern China[J]. Tectonophysics, 363: 243−258. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00039-8 CrossRef Google Scholar
[61]	Zhang Y, Chen B, Ning Z, Yang Y F, Hu G, Zhang X B, Wang H J. 2019. Investigation and numerical simulation of summer sedimentation in Jiaozhou Bay, China[J]. China Geology, 2(4): 522−529. Google Scholar
[62]	Zhao Songling. 1995. Problem of warrant renewal consideration in the study of sedimentary environment of Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J]. Marine Science, 4: 55−57 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[63]	Zhao Y, Yu Z C, Zhao W W. 2011. Holocene vegetation and climate histories in the eastern Tibetan Plateau: Controls by insolation−driven temperature or monsoon−derived precipitation changes[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30: 1173−1184. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.02.006 CrossRef Google Scholar
[64]	Zhao G M, Ye S Y, Yuan H M, Yang S X, He L, Edward A L. 2019. A new−type sampler using to collect undisturbed samples of shallow drilling sediment core in the coastal wetland geological surveys[J]. China Geology, 2(3): 398−399. Google Scholar
[65]	Zheng Z, Wei J H, Huang K Y, Xu Q H, Lu H Y, Tarasov P, Luo C X, Beaudouin C, Deng Y, Pan A D, Zheng Y W, Luo Y L, Nakagawa T, Li C H, Yang S X, Peng H H, Cheddadi R. 2014. East Asian pollen database: Modern pollen distribution and its quantitative relationship with vegetation and climate[J]. Journal of Biogeography, 41: 1819−1832. doi: 10.1111/jbi.12361 CrossRef Google Scholar
[66]	Zhuang Zhengye, Li Jianhua, Qiu Shihua, Xian Ziqiang, Bo Guancheng, Wang Yongji. 1987. Holocene transgraession and its layers in the East Coast of Laizhou Gulf, Bohai[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2: 31−39 (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar
[67]	Zonneveld K A F, Versteegh G J M, de Lange G J. 1997. Preservation of organic−walled dinoflagellate cysts in different oxygen regimes: A 10, 000 years natural experiment[J]. Marine Micropaleontology, 29: 393−405. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8398(96)00032-1 CrossRef Google Scholar
[68]	Zonneveld K A F, Verrsteegh G J M, de Lange G J. 2001. Palaeoproductivity and post depositional aerobic organic matter decay reflected by dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of the Eastern Mediterranean S1 sapropel[J]. Marine Geology, 172: 181−195. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00134-1 CrossRef Google Scholar
[69]	Zonneveld K A F, Bockelmann F, Holzwarth U. 2007. Selective preservation of organic−walled dinoflagellate cysts as a tool to quantify past net primary production and bottom water oxygen concentrations[J]. Marine Geology, 237: 109−126. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.10.023 CrossRef Google Scholar
[70]	陈明, 陈建国, 王建芬. 1991. 环渤海沿岸沼泽化、盐渍化和沙漠化的演化及其与全球变化的关系[J]. 第四纪研究, 11(2): 113−122. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.1991.02.003 CrossRef Google Scholar
[71]	郭飞, 高茂生, 侯国华, 孔祥淮, 赵金明, 郑懿珉, 赵广明. 2016. 莱州湾07钻孔沉积物晚更新世以来的元素地球化学特征[J]. 海洋学报, 21(3): 145−155. Google Scholar
[72]	胡鸿均, 李尧英, 魏印心, 朱蕙忠陈嘉佑. 1980. 中国淡水藻类 [M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社. Google Scholar
[73]	郝秀东, 欧阳绪红, 谢世友, 魏兴萍. 2020. 重庆喀斯特地区现代花粉组合与植被的关系[J]. 生态学报, 40(15): 5266−5276. Google Scholar
[74]	黄猛, 李明辰, 樊航宇, 张晓飞, 李继军, 胥勤勉. 2019. 渤海湾西北岸QHJ01孔记录的晚新生代气候与沉积环境演化[J]. 地质学报, 93(4): 899−914. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2019.04.010 CrossRef Google Scholar
[75]	姜兴钰, 王琳, 郝秀东, 王福, 田立柱, 施佩歆, 陈永胜, 王宏, 李建芬, 商志文. 2020. 晚上新世以来莱州湾南岸HLL02钻孔的孢粉记录及其古环境演变[J]. 地质调查与研究, 43(4): 341−347. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4135.2020.04.005 CrossRef Google Scholar
[76]	姜兴钰, 易亮, 田立柱, 施佩歆, 陈永胜, 王宏, 王福, 李建芬, 商志文. 2016. 莱州湾南岸 HLL01孔磁性地层定年[J]. 地质通报, 35(10): 1669−1678. Google Scholar
[77]	柯曼红. 1995. 黄土高原区环纹藻化石的发现及其意义[J]. 西安地质学院学报, (2): 90−93. Google Scholar
[78]	李倩, 易亮, 刘素贞, 于洪军, 陈燕萍, 徐兴永, 李萍, 邓成龙. 2016. 渤海南部莱州湾Lz908孔沉积物的岩石磁学性质[J]. 地球物理学报, 59(5): 1717−1728. doi: 10.6038/cjg20160516 CrossRef Google Scholar
[79]	林防, 王建中, 李建芬, 裴艳东, 康慧. 2005. 渤海莱州湾第四纪晚期以来微体化石组合特征和沉积环境演化[J]. 地质通报, 24(9): 879−884. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2005.09.016 CrossRef Google Scholar
[80]	刘恩峰, 张祖陆, 沈吉. 2004. 莱州湾南岸滨海平原晚更新世以来古环境演变的孢粉记录[J]. 古地理学报, 6(1): 78−84. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2004.01.009 CrossRef Google Scholar
[81]	吕厚远. 1989. 渤海南部晚更新世以来的孢粉组合及古环境分析[J]. 黄渤海海洋, 7(2): 11−25. Google Scholar
[82]	孟庆海, 韩美, 赵明华, 姜爱霞. 1999. 弥河冲洪积扇和古河道初步研究[J]. 山东师大学报 (自然科学版), 14(1): 46−50. Google Scholar
[83]	宋长青, 孙湘君. 1997. 花粉−气候因子转换函数建立及其对古气候因子定量重建[J]. 植物学报, 39(6): 554−560. Google Scholar
[84]	唐领余, 毛礼米, 吕新苗, 马庆峰, 周忠泽, 杨春蕾, 孔昭宸, Batten D J. 2013. 第四纪沉积物中重要蕨类孢子和微体藻类的古生态环境指示意义[J]. 科学通报, 58: 3125−3139. Google Scholar
[85]	田立鑫, 韩美, 王敏, 魏帆, 孔凡彪, 孔祥伦. 2021. 莱州湾南岸海岸带土地利用时空演变及稳定性研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 28(4): 259−274. Google Scholar
[86]	田立柱, 陶有兵, 姜兴钰, 陈永胜, 施佩歆, 商志文, 李建芬, 王福, 王宏. 2016. 莱州湾南岸全新世相对海平面变化重建[J]. 地质通报, 35(10): 1679−1691. Google Scholar
[87]	王开发, 王宪曾. 1983. 孢粉学概论[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1−4. Google Scholar
[88]	王开发, 韩信斌. 1983. 我国东部新生界环纹藻化石研究[J]. 古生物学报, 22: 468−473. Google Scholar
[89]	王开发, 张玉兰, 蒋辉. 1982. 双星藻科化石在东、黄海沉积中的发现及其古地理意义[J]. 科学通报, 22: 1387−1389. Google Scholar
[90]	伍婧, 马玉贞, 桑艳礼, 蒙红卫, 胡彩莉. 2013. 宁夏大罗山表土样品中主要花粉类型的代表性[J]. 古生物学报, 52(1): 57−67. Google Scholar
[91]	吴时国, 余朝华, 邹东波, 张海英. 2006. 莱州湾地区郯庐断裂带的构造特征及其新生代演化[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 6: 101−110. Google Scholar
[92]	吴征镒. 1980. 中国植被 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社. Google Scholar
[93]	薛春汀, 丁东. 2008. 渤海莱州湾南岸潍河−弥河三角洲: 沉积序列和沉积格架[J]. 地理科学, 28(5): 672−676. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2008.05.014 CrossRef Google Scholar
[94]	杨吉龙, 胥勤勉, 胡云壮, 袁海帆, 肖国桥, 周新郢. 2016. 中更新世以来华北平原植被演化及其气候响应[J]. 地质通报, 35(10): 1745−1751. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2016.10.022 CrossRef Google Scholar
[95]	于洪军, 韩德亮, 刘选, 单秋美. 1999. 中国近海北部陆架海相地层解体问题的研究[J]. 海洋学报, 21(3): 83−90. Google Scholar
[96]	张绪良, 谷东起, 陈东景, 隋玉柱. 2008. 莱州湾南岸滨海湿地维管束植物的区系特征及保护[J]. 生态环境, 17(1): 86−92. Google Scholar
[97]	张玉兰, 张敏斌. 2002. 海洋沉积物中淡水藻类的发现及其古环境意义[J]. 海洋通报, 21(2): 36−40. Google Scholar
[98]	赵松龄. 1995. 黄东海陆架沉积环境研究中值得重新思考的问题[J]. 海洋科学, 4: 55−57. Google Scholar
[99]	中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会. 2007. 中华人民共和国植被图(1: 1000000) [M]. 北京: 地质出版社. Google Scholar
[100]	庄振业, 李建华, 仇士华, 冼自强, 薄官成, 王永吉. 1987. 莱州湾东岸的全新世海侵和地层[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2: 31−39. Google Scholar