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2023 Vol. 50, No. 2
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ZHAO Jichang, TANG Qingyan, LIU Yonggang, SU Tianbao, WANG Zhen, HU Xiaochun, YANG Zhenxi, SONG Hong, ZHANG Jiahe. 2023. Geological characteristics of the deposits, protolith restoration and paleoenvironment of the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite deposit concentrated area in Dunhuang block[J]. Geology in China, 50(2): 557-572. doi: 10.12029/gc20210402003
Citation: ZHAO Jichang, TANG Qingyan, LIU Yonggang, SU Tianbao, WANG Zhen, HU Xiaochun, YANG Zhenxi, SONG Hong, ZHANG Jiahe. 2023. Geological characteristics of the deposits, protolith restoration and paleoenvironment of the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite deposit concentrated area in Dunhuang block[J]. Geology in China, 50(2): 557-572. doi: 10.12029/gc20210402003
shu

Geological characteristics of the deposits, protolith restoration and paleoenvironment of the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite deposit concentrated area in Dunhuang block

  • 1.

    Fourth Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploraton of Gansu Provinical Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resourses, Jiuquan 735000, Gansu, China

  • 2.

    School of Earth Sciences, Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

  • 3.

    Gansu Geological Exploration Fund Management Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

  • 4.

    Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

  • 5.

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

    • Fund Project: Supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research program (STEP) (No.2019QZKK0704), Basic Geological Survey Project of Gansu Province "Investigation and Research Project of Crystalline Graphite Mine in Jiuquan, Gansu Province" (Gansu Prospecting and Exploration [2019] 129), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41872073, No.41472070), the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (No.21JR7RA498, No.18JR3RA266, No.22JR5RA819), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the National Universities of China (lzujbky-2021-ct07, lzujbky-2017-77
More Information
  • Author Bio: ZHAO Jichang, male, born in 1984, professor-level senior engineer, mainly engaged in the study of reginal mineral geological survey and mineral exploration; E-mail: 278717758@qq.com
  • Corresponding author: TANG Qingyan, born in 1986, professor, mainly engaged in the teaching and scientific research in mineralogy, petrology and deposit; E-mail: tangqy@lzu.edu.cn 
Received Date:  02 April 2021
Revised Date:  13 March 2022
Publish Date:  25 April 2023
    Abstract

  • This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.

     Objective

    Due to the relatively low research level of crystalline graphite deposits in the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite deposit-concentrated area in Dunhuang block, the protolith restoration and paleoenvironment of this area are studied profoundly, which will provide a geological foundation for metallogenic regularity.

     Methods

    The protolith of the metamorphic rocks in the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite deposit-concentrated area is restored using the method of petrochemistry, and the paleotectonic environment of its formation is discussed.

     Results

    Two-mica quartz schist, biotite plagioclase gneiss and plagioclase amphibolite are enriched in the light rare earth elements. The plagioclase amphibolites have less K2O contents than Na2O. They are weakly depleted in Nb and Ta, and strong depleted in Zr and Hf, and have the ratios of LREE/HREE ranging from 2.21 to 6.97, indicating the weak fractionation degree of light and heavy rare earth elements. The biotite plagioclase gneisses and two-mica quartz schists have higher K2O contents than Na2O. They show the enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, such as Rb and K, and the depeletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti and Sr, and obvious Eu negative anomalies. The average ratios of LREE/HREE of the biotite plagioclase gneiss and two-mica quartz schist are 12.44 and 8.89, respectively, indicating strong differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements.

     Conclusions

    It is inferred that the protoliths of the metamorphic rocks from the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite deposit-concentrated area were formed in shallow water area with weak hydrodynamic environment. The protoliths of the plagioclase amphibolites in the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite deposit-concentrated area are subalkaline basic volcanic rock, and they were formed in an island arc. The protoliths of biotite plagioclase gneisses and two-mica quartz schists are shale and clayrock, and they were formed at active continental margins. The paleosedimentary environment was oxygen-rich interactive marine and terrestrial deposition in dry climate zone, and the paleowater medium was brackish water.
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    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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