| China Geological Survey Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences | Host |
| 科学出版社 | Publish |
| Citation: |
LIU Jia, CAI Pengjie, ZENG Xiaohua, DU Wenyang, LIU Lei. 2021. Geology, ore-forming fluid and metallogenic age of orogenic gold deposits in the Northern Qaidam[J]. Geology in China, 48(2): 374-387. doi: 10.12029/gc20210203
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Geology, ore-forming fluid and metallogenic age of orogenic gold deposits in the Northern Qaidam
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Abstract
The northern margin of Qaidam Basin is a well-known ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt with abundant mineral resources. The orogenic gold deposits are widely distributed in the northern Qaidam. This paper focuses on the study of the geological characteristics, temperature and isotopes of ore-forming fluids of the gold deposits in northern Qaidam. The results show that the orogenic gold deposits are mainly distributed in the shear zones of the Mesoproterozoic, Cambrian and Ordovician metamorphic rocks, and most ore bodies is related to the NW-trending structures. Besides, the mineralization temperature of most gold deposits is bimodal, and only a few gold deposits exhibit monomodal in temperature, indicating that multi-phase fluids were involved in the mineralization process. The δ18OH2O-SMOW (-1.7‰-10.31‰) and δDV-SMOW(-113.8‰﹣-41.6‰) of the ore-forming fluid indicate that the metamorphic fluid is influenced by magmatic water and atmospheric water. The δ34S of gold-containing sulfides (pyrite and galena) ranges from 0.5‰ to 11‰, mainly in the range of 5‰ to 9‰, 206Pb/204Pb from 18.238 to 19.296, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.547 to 15.773, and 208Pb/204Pb from 37.918 to 38.978, which indicates that the ore-forming materials are derived from the mantle-upper crust, and are affected by magmatism to some extent. The tectonic evolution and metallogenic ages reveal that three gold metallogenic events occurred in the northern Qaidam during 426-376 Ma、357-330 Ma and 288-246 Ma.
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LIU Jia, CAI Pengjie, ZENG Xiaohua, DU Wenyang, LIU Lei. 2021. Geology, ore-forming fluid and metallogenic age of orogenic gold deposits in the Northern Qaidam[J]. Geology in China, 48(2): 374-387. doi: 10.12029/gc20210203
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Figure 1.
Schematic map showing the major tectonic units in northwest China (a, modified from Song et al., 2013) and simplified map showing the tectonic framework of the northern Qaidam(b, modified from Zhang et al., 2009)
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Figure 2.
Histogram showing homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions of the orogenic gold deposits in the northern Qaidam (after Zhang et al., 2001; Huang, 2013; Fan, 2017; Meng, 2017; Cai et al., 2018c)
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Figure 3.
δD (‰) vs. δ18Owater (‰) diagram of the orogenic gold deposits in the northern Qaidam (modified from Deng and Wang, 2016)
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Figure 4.
Comparison of S isotopes between orogenic gold deposits in the northern margin of Qaidam and other types of gold deposits
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Figure 5.
Pb isotope diagrams of the orogenic gold deposits in the northern Qaidam (basic diagram modified from Zartman and Doe, 1981)
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Figure 6.
Pb isotope Δβ-Δγ diagram of the orogenic gold deposits in the northern Qaidam (basic diagram modified from Zhu et al., 1998)
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Figure 7.
Coupling diagram showing tectonic event, magmatic activity and metallogenic age of gold deposits in the northern Qaidam (modified from Zhao Zhixin, 2018)