Volcanoes, mud volcanoes/mud diapers and gas traps and their relationship with oil and gas

Abstract：Volcanoes, mud volcanoes/mud diapers and gas traps not only serve as windows of tectonic movement and symptoms of fluid movement in the deep earth but also have intimate relationship with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas. The differences between volcanoes, mud volcanoes and mud diapirs constitute the material base and dynamics. The volcanoes serve as the symptom of deep earth dynamic system and their material base stems from the upward movement of the mantle and the igneous magma in the depositional basin over the crystalline basement, whereas the mud volcanoes/mud diapers are mud diapirs of the uncompacted argillaceous shale whose material base was the heavy uncompacted argillutite. The gas trap is the trace of gas upward migration or gas layer seismic reflection distortion. Volcanoes, mud volcanoes, mud diapirs have origin-coupled relationship with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas and control the distribution and accumulation of the oil and gas.