Abstract: Molybdenum and vanadium, as important strategic metals, play an irreplaceable key role in the national economy, national defense and military industry and other fields. With the rapid development of cutting-edge technology fields, such as functional materials and electronic components, a large number of spent catalysts and targets were produced, resulting in a large amount of solid waste containing Mo/V and other strategic metals. The secondary resources mentioned above containing high content of valuable metals such as molybdenum and vanadium have great economic value, but part of the solid waste wasdefined as hazardous waste. It is of great significance for relieving the pressure on environmental protection, ensuring national resource security, national defense security, and the development needs of strategic emerging industries torealize elective separation and resource utilization of molybdenum and vanadium in the secondary resources. This paper systematically analyzed the general situation of our country's molybdenum and vanadium mineral resources and secondary resources, focused on the research progress of deep selective separation technique for dissolved molybdenum and vanadium, summarized the common principle of the method, process characteristics and development directionof molybdenum and vanadium separation technology.Finally, a feasible strategy by using ion flotation/solvent extraction coupling technology(floating-extraction) to enhance the selective deep separation of molybdenum and vanadium was proposed, and the development prospects of the separation technology were prospected.